Improvement of gluco-amylase B excretion by Aspergillus oryzae in a biofilm reactorZune, Quentin ; Kinet, Romain ; Toye, Dominique et alPoster (2013, April 29) Detailed reference viewed: 9 (2 ULg) CO2 CAPTURE in POWER PLANTS: Process Simulation and Solvent DegradationLéonard, Grégoire ; ; et alPoster (2012, November) Presentation of the research themes studied at the University of Liège in the field of CO2 capture Detailed reference viewed: 16 (1 ULg) Development of optical trajectography device for the lagangian study of turbulent flow inside a stirred tank used in pharmaceutical industryCollignon, Marie-Laure ; Delafosse, Angélique ; Delvigne, Frank et alPoster (2012, September 10) Detailed reference viewed: 8 (3 ULg) Development of a biomechanical model of deer antler cancellous bone based on X-ray microtomographic imagesde Bien, Charlotte ; Mengoni, Marlène ; D'Otreppe, Vinciane et alin Micro-CT User Meeting 2012 - Abstract Book (2012, April) Finite element models accurately compute the mechanical response of bone and bone-like materials when the models include their detailed microstructure. The aim of this paper is to develop and validate a ... [more ▼] Finite element models accurately compute the mechanical response of bone and bone-like materials when the models include their detailed microstructure. The aim of this paper is to develop and validate a biomechanical model for deer antler cancellous bone tissue based on X-ray microtomographic images. In order to simulate the mechanical behavior under compressive load using a finite element model, images obtained by X-ray microtomography were exported into Metafor, which is an non-linear finite element software initially developed at University of Liège for metal forming processes. This software has recently found biomedical applications. The ultimate goal is to compare model predictions with the mechanical behavior observed experimentally using the Skyscan material testing stage under compression mode. The creation of the biomechanical model mesh from segmented μCT images, its integration into the software Metafor and the simulation of a compression test are described in this paper. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 66 (12 ULg) Microstructure characterisation of nanocomposite polymeric foams by X-ray microtomographyPlougonven, Erwan ; Detrembleur, Christophe ; Tran, Minh Phuong et alPoster (2012, March 26) Recent advances in microstructured materials have given rise to many new types of composites that exhibit original and interesting physical properties. For example, a nanocomposite made of carbon ... [more ▼] Recent advances in microstructured materials have given rise to many new types of composites that exhibit original and interesting physical properties. For example, a nanocomposite made of carbon nanotubes inside a polymer matrix shows exceptional electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness when foamed. However, the effective properties of such materials strongly depend on the shape and topology of the microstructural cells. An accurate method for investigating the cellular microstructure is X-ray microtomography (XRμT), for it is non-destructive, and it provides 3D geometric information. Although it cannot be used to observe nanofiller dispersion, it has a strong potential for cell structure characterisation. In order to reduce the need for trial and error in tailoring these materials, our objective is to quantify, using XRμT, cellular microstructure, for two different types of foaming procedures, namely supercritical CO2 batch foaming and freeze drying, to be able to establish a link between the structure and its shielding effectiveness. The main difficulty stems from the type of material being studied: it is light, therefore hardly absorbs X-rays, cell size is small compared to the resolution capacity of the tomograph, and cell wall thickness is extremely thin in some cases, making them very hard to discern in the images. For these reasons, common image analysis tools for identifying and delimiting objects in an image prove impractical. We propose an original method that uses the 3D autocorrelation function of the tomograms to determine statistical information from these images, such as average cell size and anisotropy, without the need to binarise and segment the images. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 32 (8 ULg) Modellierung des Trennverhaltens wässriger Systeme in Packungskolonnen basierend auf tomographischen; ; Aferka, Saïd et alConference (2012, March) Detailed reference viewed: 20 (5 ULg) Design of a biofilm reactor comprising a metal structured packing for the production of lipopeptides by B. subtilisZune, Quentin ; Ongena, Marc ; Toye, Dominique et alDiverse speeche and writing (2012) Abstract : The design of a new single species biofilm bioreactor has been investigated. Bacillus subtilis S499 has been chosen as a model organism for the production of lipopetides. Nevertheless ... [more ▼] Abstract : The design of a new single species biofilm bioreactor has been investigated. Bacillus subtilis S499 has been chosen as a model organism for the production of lipopetides. Nevertheless, considering the surface active properties for this kind of metabolite, processes based on submerged culture in stirred-tank bioreactor involve the use of important amount of antifoam and therefore downstream processes are tedious. In this work, an original process was developed with an experimental setting leading to the suppression of foam formation during the culture. B. subtilis S499 makes a biofilm on a stainless steel structured packing in the top of a bioreactor, nutrient and oxygen supply being carried out by the media recirculation as liquid film on the packing. Lipopeptides secreted by biofilm are accumulated in the liquid phase under the packing and can reach concentrations as high as 800 mg/l. The colonization of the packing by the biofilm has been monitored by X-ray tomography. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 46 (12 ULg) A non-linear homogeneous model for bone-like materials under compressive load.Mengoni, Marlène ; ; de Bien, Charlotte et alin International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering (2012), 28(2), 334-348 Finite element (FE) models accurately compute the mechanical response of bone and bone-like materials when the models include their detailed microstructure. In order to simulate non-linear behavior, which ... [more ▼] Finite element (FE) models accurately compute the mechanical response of bone and bone-like materials when the models include their detailed microstructure. In order to simulate non-linear behavior, which currently is only feasible at the expense of extremely high computational costs, coarser models can be used if the local morphology has been linked to the apparent mechanical behavior. The aim of this paper is to implement and validate such a constitutive law. This law is able to capture the non-linear structural behavior of bone-like materials through the use of fabric tensors. It also allows for irreversible strains using an elastoplastic material model incorporating hardening. These features are expressed in a constitutive law based on the anisotropic continuum damage theory coupled with isotropic elastoplasticity in a finite strains framework. This material model was implemented into Metafor, a non-linear FE software. The implementation was validated against experimental data of cylindrical samples subjected to compression. Three materials with bone-like microstructure were tested : aluminum foams of variable density (ERG, Oakland, CA), PLA (polylactic acid) foam (CERM, University of Liège) and cancellous bone tissue of a deer antler (Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège). [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 119 (54 ULg) POST-COMBUSTION CO2 CAPTURE: Global Process Simulation and Solvent DegradationLéonard, Grégoire ; ; et alPoster (2012, February) One of the biggest upcoming challenges concerning both environmental and energy systems engineering is the control and limitation of greenhouse gas emissions due to human activity. Fossil fuels-fired ... [more ▼] One of the biggest upcoming challenges concerning both environmental and energy systems engineering is the control and limitation of greenhouse gas emissions due to human activity. Fossil fuels-fired power plants are in this context one of the main contributors due to the large amounts of CO2 emitted. Different technologies have been developed for capturing CO2 from such power plants. This work focuses on post-combustion CO2 capture by reactive absorption into amine solvents like monoethanolamine (MEA). The main drawback of this technology is actually the high energy requirement of the process, especially for solvent regeneration. It is then highly interesting to model the capture process so that optimal operating conditions could be approached by simulation thus reducing the number of expensive experimental tests. Thanks to the simulation, it has been possible to identify the most influent process variables and to optimize their value. It was also possible to study the impact of process modifications on the global capture efficiency. The improvements studied allowed for a reduction by up to 14% of the process exergy consumption. Another major drawback of the post-combustion CO2 capture is solvent degradation, which can be due to thermal as well as oxidative mechanisms. Degradation affects the CO2 capture process since it may cause corrosion, foaming and fouling, possibly inducing a decrease of the solvent efficiency and high additional operating costs due to solvent replacement. In order to study degradation of conventional amine solvents as well as degradation of novel solvents, a degradation test rig has been built at the University of Liège in collaboration with the company Laborelec, member of the GDF SUEZ group. First results show that degradation obtained on this lab installation can be compared to degradation results observed on CO2 capture pilot installation. The final objective of this thesis is to make a link between degradation and simulation. Experimental data obtained on the degradation test rig will be implemented into the existing simulation model so that optimal operating conditions considering both process energy efficiency and solvent degradation can be determined. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 21 (1 ULg) Study of 2-Ethanolamine degradationLéonard, Grégoire ; Toye, Dominique ; Heyen, Georges ![]() Conference (2012, January) One major drawback of the post-combustion CO2 capture using conventional amine solvents is solvent degradation, which can be due to thermal as well as oxidative mechanisms. Degradation affects the CO2 ... [more ▼] One major drawback of the post-combustion CO2 capture using conventional amine solvents is solvent degradation, which can be due to thermal as well as oxidative mechanisms. Degradation affects the CO2 capture process since it may cause corrosion, foaming and fouling, possibly inducing a decrease of the solvent efficiency and high additional operating costs due to solvent replacement. In order to study degradation of conventional amine solvents as well as degradation of novel solvents, a degradation test rig has been built at the University of Liège in collaboration with the company Laborelec, member of the GDF SUEZ group. Since degradation generally occurs within a few months in real plant conditions, this equipment has been designed to allow the study of different degradation mechanisms under accelerated conditions, at high temperatures (up to 140°C) and high partial pressures in oxygen and CO2 (total pressure up to 20 bar with varying gas composition). An advantage of this degradation test rig is that it can be used in batch as well as in semi-batch mode with constant gas flow. High gas-liquid contact efficiency is also ensured thanks to a mechanical agitation system combined with gas bubbling. For a typical run, 300g of aqueous amine solution (30 wt % MEA in water) is introduced into the reactor and degraded during two weeks. The degraded solutions are then analysed using high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) for MEA quantification and gas chromatography with flame ionization detector (GC-FID) for the characterization of degradation products. The gas phase is analysed by Fourier Transform Infra Red spectroscopy. The final objective of this work is to implement the data obtained from experimental results on the degradation test rig into an existing simulation model that has been developed based on an existing pilot plant. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 24 (1 ULg) Investigation of liquid flow pattern inside a structured packing using X-ray tomographyAferka, Saïd ; ; et alin Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on Process Tomography, Cape Town, South Africa (2012) This work focuses on the analysis of X-ray tomographic images of liquid flow distribution within a 1 m high packed column of 10 cm diameter, filled with four Mellapak Plus 752Y elements. Tomographic ... [more ▼] This work focuses on the analysis of X-ray tomographic images of liquid flow distribution within a 1 m high packed column of 10 cm diameter, filled with four Mellapak Plus 752Y elements. Tomographic measurements are performed at various column heights for different liquid flowrates. Water and aqueous glycerine solutions are successively used as working liquids in order to quantify the influence of liquid viscosity on the spatial distribution of hydrodynamic quantities such as liquid holdup and gas-liquid interfacial area. Logically, both liquid holdup and gas-liquid interfacial area increase with liquid flow rate. An increase of liquid viscosity has also a positive impact on liquid holdup and on gas-liquid interfacial area. In all cases, the measured quantities are not constant along the bed height, leading to fluctuating axial profiles. Depending on the liquid viscosity and flowrate, different liquid flow patterns (films, rivulets, flooded channels) are observed in the irrigated cross section images. A method based on morphological techniques is proposed to quantify the fraction of liquid flow which belongs to each flow pattern. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 43 (5 ULg) Formation à la microtomographieLéonard, Angélique ; Toye, Dominique ; Plougonven, Erwan ![]() Learning material (2011) This course is a two-day presentation of the basic workings of X-ray tomography, current local applications of microtomography in the applied chemistry department, typical image analysis tools for ... [more ▼] This course is a two-day presentation of the basic workings of X-ray tomography, current local applications of microtomography in the applied chemistry department, typical image analysis tools for extracting measurements, and a practical look at a particular piece of equipment, the Skyscan 1172 desktop microtomograph, and its software. The target audience is users of such equipment, with little to no background in X-ray physics, computer science or image analysis. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 40 (20 ULg) Etude de l’écoulement au sein d’un bioréacteur parallélépipédique à usage unique à agitation pendulo-elliptiqueCollignon, Marie-Laure ; ; Delafosse, Angélique et alin Récents Progrès en Génie des procédés - A la croisée des sciences et des cultures, pour relever les défis industriels du XXIème siècle (2011, December 01) Detailed reference viewed: 67 (12 ULg) Mesure par tomographie à rayons X de l’influence de la viscosité sur la distribution du liquide dans une colonne à empilage structuré.Aferka, Saïd ; ; et alin In SFGP (Ed.), Récents Progrès en Génie des Procédés - N° 101 - Des procédés au service du produit au coeur de l'Europe - Actes du XIIIème Congrès de la société Française de Génie des Procédés - Du 29 Nov. au 1er Décembre 2011 - Lille Grand Palais, FRANCE (2011, December) Detailed reference viewed: 14 (3 ULg) Tomographie à rayons X : un outil de choix pour l'étude de l'hydrodynamique dans des empilages de distillation catalytiqueToye, Dominique ![]() Conference (2011, December) Detailed reference viewed: 12 (0 ULg) Adsorption of methylene blue on activated carbon xerogelsPáez Martínez, Carlos ; ; Léonard, Angélique et alPoster (2011, November 30) Detailed reference viewed: 44 (10 ULg) Mise au point d’un dispositif de trajectographie optique pour l’étude lagrangienne des écoulements dans une cuve agitée utilisée dans l’industrie pharmaceutiqueCollignon, Marie-Laure ; ; Delafosse, Angélique et alPoster (2011, November 29) Detailed reference viewed: 30 (12 ULg) Modèle hybride Euler-Lagrange pour la description des hétérogénéités dans les bioréacteurs.Delafosse, Angélique ; Delvigne, Frank ; Collignon, Marie-Laure et alin SFGP (Ed.) Récents Progrès en Génie des Procédés - N° 101 - Des procédés au service du produit au coeur de l'Europe - Actes du XIIIème Congrès de la société Française de Génie des Procédés - Du 29 Nov. au 1er Décembre 2011 - Lille Grand Palais, FRANCE (2011, November 29) Detailed reference viewed: 13 (3 ULg) Simulation d’un écoulement de gaz dans un empilage structuré par la méthode des réseaux de Boltzmann; Calvo, Sébastien ; Crine, Michel et alin SFGP (Ed.) Récents Progrès en Génie des Procédés - N° 101 - Des procédés au service du produit au coeur de l'Europe - Actes du XIIIème Congrès de la société Française de Génie des Procédés - Du 29 Nov. au 1er Décembre 2011 - Lille Grand Palais, FRANCE (2011, November 29) Numerical simulations of gas flow between two sheets of plastic MellapakTM 250 Y are performed using Lattice Boltzmann methods in laminar and turbulent regimes. Results are compared with experimental ... [more ▼] Numerical simulations of gas flow between two sheets of plastic MellapakTM 250 Y are performed using Lattice Boltzmann methods in laminar and turbulent regimes. Results are compared with experimental measurements and with known correlations. They are also compared with simulations using a classical CFD code. In all cases, the agreement is very good. An original method based on the simulated axial velocity profiles is proposed to caracterize the gas flow regime. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 12 (2 ULg) Prise en compte l'état de la membrane cellulaire sur la réponse de biocapteurs fluorescents pour la détection de défaut d'écoulement au niveau des bioréacteurs : vers une intégration du "sécrétome" dans la problématique de l'extrapolationDelvigne, Frank ; Brognaux, Alison ; et alConference (2011, November 29) Malgré les nombreuses approches envisagées à ce jour, la dynamique du stress microbien en conditions de culture intensive (procédé fed-batch) est encore un aspect mal maîtrisé. Au cours de ce travail ... [more ▼] Malgré les nombreuses approches envisagées à ce jour, la dynamique du stress microbien en conditions de culture intensive (procédé fed-batch) est encore un aspect mal maîtrisé. Au cours de ce travail, deux biocapteurs microbiens basés sur le principe de la protéine fluorescente verte (Green Fluorescent Protein ou GFP) ont été mis en œuvre dans des réacteurs scale-down permettant de reproduire les défauts d'écoulement rencontrés dans les bioréacteurs industriels. Les promoteurs de stress associés à la synthèse de la GFP ont été choisis suivant leur sensibilité à la limitation en source de carbone, condition standard qui est rencontrée dans les processus fed-batch ou l'apport en substrat carboné est limité afin d'éviter des déviations du métabolisme microbien (promoteurs rpoS et csiE). Les résultats obtenus montrent clairement que l'exposition des biocapteurs à des hétérogénéités locales de substrat entraîne une diminution de l'expression de la GFP. L'intensité de fluorescence a été mesurée à l'échelle cellulaire par cytométrie en flux. Durant les cultures, une chute significative du niveau de GFP intracellulaire a été observée pour les deux conditions scale-down considérées et pour les deux types de promoteur. Cette chute de fluorescence peut être attribuée à des phénomènes de répression des promoteurs suite à la levée locale de la limitation en carbone, mais également au relargage de la GFP dans le milieu extracellulaire. Ce relargage a été observé dans toutes les conditions opératoires considérées, comme le montrent les analyses des surnageants de culture par SDS-PAGE. L'intensité du relargage est néanmoins plus forte dans les conditions standard de culture (c'est-à-dire dans des réacteurs classiques sans approche scale-down). En effet, la coloration par l'iodure de propidium des biocapteurs cultivés en conditions standards est plus élevée que dans les conditions scale-down, suggérant une perméabilité membranaire plus élevée. Ces résultats offrent des potentialités intéressantes pour l'analyse simultanée de la viabilité cellulaire et de la détection des défauts d'écoulement par l'emploi de biocapteurs microbiens. De plus, les analyses par SDS-PAGE ont montre une grande diversité de protéines relargée en cours de procédé. Cette observation est étonnante du fait de l'emploi de milieux minéraux définis dans toutes les conditions étudiées. L'analyse de ce sécrétome offre des potentialités intéressantes pour la caractérisation des conditions de stress encourues par les micro-organismes au cours des procédés. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 65 (28 ULg) |
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