Zoonoses in Pet 1 birds: review and perspectives

in Veterinary Research (2013)

Renouveler la gestion du risque par l’ouverture à un système de vigilance ? Le cas de la fièvre catarrhale ovine

in VertigO : la Revue Electronique en Sciences de l'Environnement (2012), 12(3),

This contribution proposed by a multidisciplinary group of veterinary and political scientists gives an analysis of the transformations of an epidemiosurveillance system dedicated to animal diseases, when ... [more ▼]

This contribution proposed by a multidisciplinary group of veterinary and political scientists gives an analysis of the transformations of an epidemiosurveillance system dedicated to animal diseases, when confronted to new emerging threats in the wake of global changes, within the frame of risk management. The research field refers to the emergence of bluetongue virus serotype 8 in 2006 in Belgium. This research is complemented with the results of a recent survey based on Delphi method involving relevant public servants and scientists, which showed that most of the means proposed by the authorities are based on the logic of known risk management. However we can identify attempts for renewal and organisational learning, especially with the proposal of a new vigilance system. This system develops two dimensions (prevention and anticipation of the catastrophe) and tries to accommodate the surveillance system reactivity against uncertain events. Finally the article draws two drivers for change, by admitting the persistence of unavoidable uncertainty and by recognising the importance for opening up expert knowledge. [less ▲]

A Review of Known and Hypothetical Transmission Routes for Noroviruses

in Food and Environmental Virology (2012), 4(4), 131-152

Human noroviruses (NoVs) are considered a worldwide leading cause of acute non-bacterial gastroenteritis. Due to a combination of prolonged shedding of high virus levels in feces, virus particle shedding ... [more ▼]

Human noroviruses (NoVs) are considered a worldwide leading cause of acute non-bacterial gastroenteritis. Due to a combination of prolonged shedding of high virus levels in feces, virus particle shedding during asymptomatic infections, and a high environmental persistence, NoVs are easily transmitted pathogens. Norovirus (NoV) outbreaks have often been reported and tend to affect a lot of people. NoV is spread via feces and vomit, but this NoV spread can occur through several transmission routes. While person-to-person transmission is without a doubt the dominant transmission route, human infective NoV outbreaks are often initiated by contaminated food or water. Zoonotic transmission of NoV has been investigated, but has thus far not been demonstrated. The presented review aims to give an overview of these NoV transmission routes. Regarding NoV person-to-person transmission, the NoV GII. 4 genotype is discussed in the current review as it has been very successful for several decades but reasons for its success have only recently been suggested. Both pre-harvest and post-harvest contamination of food products can lead to NoV food borne illness. Pre-harvest contamination of food products mainly occurs via contact with polluted irrigation water in case of fresh produce or with contaminated harvesting water in case of bivalve molluscan shellfish. On the other hand, an infected food handler is considered as a major cause of post-harvest contamination of food products. Both transmission routes are reviewed by a summary of described NoV food borne outbreaks between 2000 and 2010. A third NoV transmission route occurs via water and the spread of NoV via river water, ground water, and surface water is reviewed. Finally, although zoonotic transmission remains hypothetical, a summary on the bovine and porcine NoV presence observed in animals is given and the presence of human infective NoV in animals is discussed. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media New York. [less ▲]

Complete genome sequence of a novel bovine norovirus: Evidence for slow genetic evolution in genogroup III genotype 2 noroviruses

in Journal of Virology (2012), 86(22), 12449-12450

A new genogroup III genotype 2 bovine norovirus, B309/2003/BE, was entirely sequenced and genetically compared to the original Newbury2/1976/UK strain and to Dumfries/1994/UK, detected in 1976 and 1994 ... [more ▼]

A new genogroup III genotype 2 bovine norovirus, B309/2003/BE, was entirely sequenced and genetically compared to the original Newbury2/1976/UK strain and to Dumfries/1994/UK, detected in 1976 and 1994, respectively. Interestingly, except in welldefined coding regions (N-terminal protein, 3A-like protease, hypervariable region of the capsid protein, and C-terminal part of the minor structural protein), very low genetic differences were noted between the entire genomes of these three strains along a 30-year-long period. It allowed some hypotheses of hotspots of genetic evolution through a low genetic evolution background in genotype 2 genogroup III bovine noroviruses. © 2012, American Society for Microbiology. [less ▲]

Alternative attachment factors and internalization pathways for GIII.2 bovine noroviruses.

in Journal of General Virology (The) (2011)

Bovine noroviruses belong to the family Caliciviridae, genus Norovirus. Two genotypes are described and viruses genetically related to the Jena and Newbury-2 strains are classified into genotypes 1 and 2 ... [more ▼]

Bovine noroviruses belong to the family Caliciviridae, genus Norovirus. Two genotypes are described and viruses genetically related to the Jena and Newbury-2 strains are classified into genotypes 1 and 2 respectively. In this study, virus-like particles (VLP) of the previously detected B309 Belgian strain, genetically related to genotype 2 bovine noroviruses, were used to investigate virus-host interactions in vitro. B309 VLP were shown to bind to several bovine cell lines. This binding was not affected by heparinase or chondroitinase treatment but was significantly inhibited by both sodium periodate, alpha-galactosidase, trypsin and phospholipase C treatment. Cell treatment by neuraminidase also moderately affected this binding. Taken together, these results show that, in addition to a galactosyl residue, sialic acid could also be involved in binding to susceptible cells. In addition, both the cholesterol-dependent pathway and macropinocytosis are used for B309 VLP internalisation by Madin-Darby Bovine Kidney cells. The data increase the knowledge on bovine norovirus cell interactions. [less ▲]

Quantification of Equine herpesvirus 5 DNA in clinical and necropsy specimens collected from a horse with equine multinodular pulmonary fibrosis

in Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation (2011), 23

In vitro-generated interspecific recombinants between bovine herpesviruses 1 and 5 show attenuated replication characteristics and establish latency in the natural host

in BMC Veterinary Research (2011), 7

Original findings associated with two cases of bovine papular stomatitis

in Journal of Clinical Microbiology (2011), 49(12), 4397-4400

Virus de la diahrée virale bovine : de la diversité à la singularité

in Point Vétérinaire (2011)

Experimental evidence of recombination in murine noroviruses

in Journal of General Virology (The) (2010)