Showing results 1 to 20 of 144
  Boundary lines in symbiosis formsParmentier, Eric  ; Michel, Loïc in Symbiosis (2013) Symbiosis can take different forms (parasitism, mutualism, commensalism, etc.) but boundaries between different types of symbiotic interactions are not well defined. The kinds of symbiotic associations ... [more ▼] Symbiosis can take different forms (parasitism, mutualism, commensalism, etc.) but boundaries between different types of symbiotic interactions are not well defined. The kinds of symbiotic associations between organisms cannot however be restricted to isolated and distinct categories. These associations are part of a broad continuum in which it is difficult to know where one type of association ends and another begins. Moreover, different scientists use the same term to mean different things or different terms tomean the same thing. This can obscure what is biologically important and what is not. This communication proposes a new classification scheme, which simply and comprehensively illustrates relationships between the various kinds of associations. The scheme illustrates relationships clearly and highlights the continuum between types of associations. It further indicates where modifications to the scheme are possible over time. The classification of the association between two organisms can be reduced to two factors: 1) the impact incurred by the host (benefit or damage) and 2) the relative duration of the association (RDA), i.e. the ratio of the duration of the association to the life expectancy of the symbiont. The conceptual figure provides concrete examples and illustrates some relationships that can change during different life stages. This figure should help teachers and students in the understanding of symbiosis, and could be a starting point for future discussions in the continuously developing research fields studying ecological and evolutionary implications of symbiotic relationships. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 18 (1 ULg) Behaviours Associated with Acoustic Communication in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus); Poncin, Pascal ; Denoël, Mathieu et alin PLoS ONE (2013), 8(4), 61467 Detailed reference viewed: 15 (5 ULg)Fish larvae prefer coral over algal water cues: implications of coral reef degradation; ; Parmentier, Eric et alin Marine Ecology. Progress Series (2013), 475 Detailed reference viewed: 17 (3 ULg)Echiodon prionodon, a new species of Carapidae (Pisces, Ophidiiformes) from New ZealandParmentier, Eric in European Journal of Taxonomy (2012), (31), A new species of pearlfish, Echiodon prionodon, is described from three specimens. This species is diagnosed by having a serrated margin on the posterior edge of the fangs, expanded thoracic plates on ... [more ▼] A new species of pearlfish, Echiodon prionodon, is described from three specimens. This species is diagnosed by having a serrated margin on the posterior edge of the fangs, expanded thoracic plates on some abdominal vertebrae and ventral swimbladder tunic ridges. This species was only found in coastal waters around the North Island of New Zealand. The diagnosis of Eurypleuron is revised. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 11 (2 ULg)Overview on the diversity of sounds produced by clownfishes (Pomacentridae): importance of acoustic signals in their peculiar way of life.Colleye, Orphal ; Parmentier, Eric in PLoS ONE (2012), 7(11), Background: Clownfishes (Pomacentridae) are brightly colored coral reef fishes well known for their mutualistic symbiosis with tropical sea anemones. These fishes live in social groups in which there is a ... [more ▼] Background: Clownfishes (Pomacentridae) are brightly colored coral reef fishes well known for their mutualistic symbiosis with tropical sea anemones. These fishes live in social groups in which there is a size-based dominance hierarchy. In this structure where sex is socially controlled, agonistic interactions are numerous and serve to maintain size differences between individuals adjacent in rank. Clownfishes are also prolific callers whose sounds seem to play an important role in the social hierarchy. Here, we aim to review and to synthesize the diversity of sounds produced by clownfishes in order to emphasize the importance of acoustic signals in their way of life. Methodology/Principal Findings: Recording the different acoustic behaviors indicated that sounds are divided into two main categories: aggressive sounds produced in conjunction with threat postures (charge and chase), and submissive sounds always emitted when fish exhibited head shaking movements (i.e. a submissive posture). Both types of sounds showed size-related intraspecific variation in dominant frequency and pulse duration: smaller individuals produce higher frequency and shorter duration pulses than larger ones, and inversely. Consequently, these sonic features might be useful cues for individual recognition within the group. This observation is of significant importance due to the size-based hierarchy in clownfish group. On the other hand, no acoustic signal was associated with the different reproductive activities. Conclusions/Significance: Unlike other pomacentrids, sounds are not produced for mate attraction in clownfishes but to reach and to defend the competition for breeding status, which explains why constraints are not important enough for promoting call diversification in this group. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 73 (15 ULg)The barbel-like specialization of the pelvic fins in Ophidion rochei (Ophidiidae); Kever, Loïc ; Compère, Philippe et alin Journal of Morphology (2012), 273(12), 1367-1376 Detailed reference viewed: 18 (3 ULg)Feeding mechanism in damselfishes: a comparison between two morphologically different speciesOlivier, Damien ; Frederich, Bruno ; Parmentier, Eric Conference (2012, July) Detailed reference viewed: 16 (1 ULg)Etude des mécanismes de prise de nourriture chez le poisson clown Amphiprion clarkiiOlivier, Damien ; Frederich, Bruno ; Parmentier, Eric Poster (2012, March) Detailed reference viewed: 24 (2 ULg)Feeding Cyprinus carpio with infectious materials mediates cyprinid herpesvirus 3 entry through infection of pharyngeal periodontal mucosaFournier, Guillaume ; Boutier, Maxime ; et alin Veterinary Research (2012), 43(6), Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3), also known as Koi herpesvirus, is the etiological agent of a mortal disease in common and koi carp. Recently, we investigated the entry of CyHV-3 in carp using ... [more ▼] Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3), also known as Koi herpesvirus, is the etiological agent of a mortal disease in common and koi carp. Recently, we investigated the entry of CyHV-3 in carp using bioluminescence imaging and a CyHV-3 recombinant strain expressing luciferase (LUC). We demonstrated that the skin is the major portal of entry after inoculation of carp by immersion in water containing CyHV-3. While this model of infection mimics some natural conditions in which infection takes place, other epidemiological conditions could favour entry of virus through the digestive tract. Here, we investigated whether ingestion of infectious materials mediates CyHV-3 entry through the digestive tract. Carp were fed with materials contaminated with the CyHV-3 LUC recombinant (oral contamination) or immersed in water containing the virus (contamination by immersion). Bioluminescence imaging analyses performed at different times post-infection led to the following observations: (i) the pharyngeal periodontal mucosa is the major portal of entry after oral contamination, while the skin is the major portal of entry after contamination by immersion. (ii) Both modes of inoculation led to the spreading of the infection to the various organs tested. However, the timing and the sequence in which some of the organs turned positive were different between the two modes of inoculation. Finally, we compared the disease induced by the two inoculation modes. They led to comparable clinical signs and mortality rate. The results of the present study suggest that, based on epidemiological conditions, CyHV-3 can enter carp either by skin or periodontal pharyngeal mucosal infection. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 23 (8 ULg)Characterization of a population of the Harlequin crab, Lissocarcinus orbicularis Dana, 1852, an obligate symbiont of holothuroids, in Toliara bay (Madagascar); Parmentier, Eric ; Lepoint, Gilles et alin Zoosymposia (2012), 7 Harlequin crabs, Lissocarcinus orbicularis, are commensals found on the integument and in the buccal/cloacal cavity of several species of holothuroids. The population of these crabs was investigated on ... [more ▼] Harlequin crabs, Lissocarcinus orbicularis, are commensals found on the integument and in the buccal/cloacal cavity of several species of holothuroids. The population of these crabs was investigated on holothuroids of the barrier reef of Toliara (South-West of Madagascar) from 2002 to 2008. Seventeen holothuroid species were observed and eight were crab hosts. There is generally one adult crab or a heterosexual pair per infested holothuroid but up to ten juveniles were recorded on a Thelenota ananas. Carapace length of the observed L. orbicularis was from 0.3 to 1.4 cm from the tip of the rostrum to the end of the cephalothorax, with a mean length of 0.85 cm. L. orbicularis is characterized by a weak sexual dimorphism (females are bigger than males) and the presence of pereiopods morphologically adapted to fixation on the host integument. Gravid females were observed at each month of the survey indicating that the crab reproduces all the year. Considering our results and personal observations, we also discuss the monogamy mating system of the Harlequin crab. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 21 (6 ULg)Do reef fish larvae use lagoon sounds to find appropriate settlement environment ?Berten, Laetitia ; Parmentier, Eric ; Poster (2012) Detailed reference viewed: 2 (0 ULg)Actual status of the ichthyofauna of the Mono river basin (Togo and Benin); ; et al Conference (2012) Detailed reference viewed: 4 (0 ULg)Ontogeny of sound production and sonic muscle morphology in Pygocentrus nattereri; Parmentier, Eric Conference (2012) Detailed reference viewed: 8 (0 ULg)Important variations in sonic apparatus morphology and sound characteristics of Ophidion rochei (Ophidiidae)Kever, Loïc ; ; et alConference (2012) Detailed reference viewed: 6 (0 ULg)Electric organ discharge and sound production patterns in catfishes og the genus Synodontis (family Mochokidae)Boyle, Kelly ; Parmentier, Eric Conference (2012) Detailed reference viewed: 6 (0 ULg)Implication of aggressive, submissive and reproductive sounds in the way of life of clownfishesColleye, Orphal ; Parmentier, Eric Conference (2012) Clownfishes are brightly coloured coral reef fishes well known for their mutualistic symbiosis with tropical sea anemones. These fishes live in social groups in which there is a size-based dominance ... [more ▼] Clownfishes are brightly coloured coral reef fishes well known for their mutualistic symbiosis with tropical sea anemones. These fishes live in social groups in which there is a size-based dominance hierarchy. In this structure where sex is socially controlled, agonistic interactions are numerous and serve to maintain size differences between individuals adjacent in rank. Clownfishes are also prolific callers whose sounds seem to play an important role in the social hierarchy. Agonistic interactions being involved in daily behaviour suggest how important acoustic communication might be in their way of life. Recording the different acoustic behaviours indicated that sounds are divided into two main categories: aggressive sounds produced in conjunction with threat postures (charge and chase), and submissive sounds always emitted when fish exhibited an appeasement display (namely the head shaking movements). Both types of sounds showed size-related intraspecific variation in dominant frequency and pulse duration: smaller individuals produce higher frequency and shorter duration pulses than larger ones. Consequently, these sonic features might be useful cues for individual recognition within the group. On the other hand, no acoustic call was associated with courtship and reproductive behaviours. Unlike other pomacentrids, sounds are not produced for mate attraction in clownfishes but to reach and to defend their breeding status, which explains why constraints are not important enough for promoting call diversification in this genus. However, acoustic signals seem to be an integral part of the peculiar way of life of clownfishes, although they are restricted to agonistic interactions only. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 18 (2 ULg)Further insight into the sound-producing mechanism of clownfishes: what structure is involved in sound radiation?Colleye, Orphal ; ; Frederich, Bruno et alin Journal of Experimental Biology (2012), 215 It was recently demonstrated that clownfishes produce aggressive sounds by snapping their jaw teeth. To date, only the onset of the sound has been studied, which raises the question, what structure is ... [more ▼] It was recently demonstrated that clownfishes produce aggressive sounds by snapping their jaw teeth. To date, only the onset of the sound has been studied, which raises the question, what structure is involved in sound radiation? Here, a combination of different approaches has been used to determine the anatomical structure(s) responsible for the size-related variations observed in sound duration and frequency. Filling the swimbladder with physiological liquid specifically modified size-related acoustic features by inducing a significant decrease in pulse duration of approximately 3 ms and a significant increase in dominant frequency of approximately 105 Hz. However, testing the acoustics of the swimbladder by striking it with a piezoelectric impact hammer showed that this structure is a highly damped sound source prevented from prolonged vibrations. In contrast, the resonant properties of the rib cage seems to account for the size-related variations observed in acoustic features. For an equivalent strike on the rib cage, the duration and dominant frequency of induced sounds changed with fish size: sound duration and dominant frequency were positively and negatively correlated with fish size, respectively. Such relationships between sonic features and fish size are consistent with those observed in natural sounds emitted by fish. Therefore, the swimbladder itself does not act as a resonator; its wall just seems to be driven by the oscillations of the rib cage. This set of observations suggests the need for reassessment of the acoustic role of swimbladders in various fish species. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 17 (7 ULg)Diversité du répertoire acoustique des poissons clownsColleye, Orphal ; Parmentier, Eric Conference (2012) Les poissons clowns (Amphiprion spp.) appartiennent à la famille des Pomacentridae. Ces poissons sont bien connus pour leur relation de mutualisme avec les anémones de mer. Au sein de leur hôte, ils ... [more ▼] Les poissons clowns (Amphiprion spp.) appartiennent à la famille des Pomacentridae. Ces poissons sont bien connus pour leur relation de mutualisme avec les anémones de mer. Au sein de leur hôte, ils vivent en groupe composé d’un nombre variable d’individus selon les espèces. Chaque groupe est hiérarchisée sur la base de la taille des individus : la femelle est l’individu le plus grand et dominant, elle est accompagnée d’un mâle reproducteur, lui même suivi des autres individus sexuellement immatures toujours ordonnés selon leur taille. Cette structure sociale implique le respect de la hiérarchie et de la territorialité. Les interactions agonistiques jouent un rôle important car elles permettent de maintenir des différences de tailles entre les individus de rang adjacent pour éviter les conflits incessants entre individus dominants et subordonnés. Des comportements d’agression sont donc réalisés de la part de chaque dominant envers le ou les subordonnés de rangs inférieurs. En réponse à ces comportements d’agression, les individus subordonnés adoptent des postures d’apaisement envers le ou les dominants de rang supérieur. En plus de ces différents comportements agonistiques, la reproduction est très ritualisée et comporte plusieurs phases telles que la préparation du nid, les parades amoureuses, la ponte ou encore les soins prodigués aux œufs. Quelques études ont rapporté que ces différents comportements agonistiques et reproducteurs pouvaient s’accompagner d’émissions sonores. Cependant, ces études souffraient d’un manque de rigueur dans la description des sons et de leur contexte d’émission. L’intérêt de la présente étude était donc d’identifier et de décrire les sons produits dans divers contextes comportementaux afin de déterminer si différents types de sons peuvent être liés à un même comportement ou encore si un même son peut intervenir dans différents contextes. Les enregistrements de sons indiquent qu’aucun signal acoustique n’est associé aux différentes activités liées à la reproduction. Lors des interactions agonistiques, deux types de sons ont été enregistrés. Les sons d’agression sont toujours émis par un individu dominant à l’encontre d’un subordonné lors des poursuites et autres comportements de menace. A l’inverse, les sons de soumission sont émis par les subordonnés lors d’un comportement caractéristique qualifié de "head shaking". Ces deux types de sons présentent plusieurs différences dans leur allure acoustique et leurs paramètres. Les sons d’agression se composent toujours d’une pulsation qui peut être émise seule ou en série alors que les sons de soumissions sont toujours composés de plusieurs pulsations et sont généralement émis sous forme de train de plusieurs sons. Les durées des pulsations des sons d’agression sont plus longues que celles des sons de soumission. La période des pulsations est considérablement plus longue pour les sons d’agression que pour les sons de soumission, suggérant que chaque pulsation est émise comme une unité bien distincte. De plus, la durée des sons est beaucoup plus longue pour les sons d’agression que pour les sons de soumission. Ces deux types de sons agonistiques montrent également des variations intraspécifiques liées à la taille au niveau de la fréquence dominante et la durée des pulsations. Plus un poisson est grand, plus les sons qu’il émet présente des fréquences basses et des durées élevées, et inversement. Ces différences observées dans les fréquences et les durées des pulsations n’apparaissent ni liées au sexe, ni au rang social mais dépendent uniquement du dimorphisme. Au sein du groupe, les deux types de sons agonistiques semblent donc avoir des fonctions différentes : les sons d’agression pourraient avoir un rôle dissuasif en transmettant un signal de rappel du rang social, alors que les sons de soumission pourraient avoir un rôle d’apaisement en rappelant le statut social du subordonné. Par ailleurs, les fréquences dominantes et les durées des pulsations sont des signaux acoustiques qui véhiculent des informations relatives à la taille de l’individu émetteur ; ils pourraient donc jouer un rôle important dans la reconnaissance de l’individu et le maintien de la cohésion au sein du groupe. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 37 (7 ULg)A potential intermediate in the evolution of superfast sonic swimbladder muscles in fishes; ; et al Conference (2011) Convergent evolution for sound production with a putative slow muscle in a Perciform fish Glaucosoma buergeri (Glaucosomatidae); ; et al Conference (2011) Detailed reference viewed: 3 (0 ULg) |
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