A Multi­‐Scale Computer Model of the Cardiovascular System Can Account for the Three Roles of the Left Atrium

in Abstract Book GIGA-Day (2013, January 28)

A multi-scale cardiovascular system model can account for the load-dependence of the end-systolic pressure-volume relationship.

in BioMedical Engineering OnLine (2013), 12(1), 8

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: The end-systolic pressure-volume relationship is often considered as a load-independent property of the heart and, for this reason, is widely used as an index of ventricular ... [more ▼]

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: The end-systolic pressure-volume relationship is often considered as a load-independent property of the heart and, for this reason, is widely used as an index of ventricular contractility. However, many criticisms have been expressed against this index and the underlying time-varying elastance theory: first, it does not consider the phenomena underlying contraction and second, the end-systolic pressure volume relationship has been experimentally shown to be load-dependent. METHODS: In place of the time-varying elastance theory, a microscopic model of sarcomere contraction is used to infer the pressure generated by the contraction of the left ventricle, considered as a spherical assembling of sarcomere units. The left ventricle model is inserted into a closed-loop model of the cardiovascular system. Finally, parameters of the modified cardiovascular system model are identified to reproduce the hemodynamics of a normal dog. RESULTS: Experiments that have proven the limitations of the time-varying elastance theory are reproduced with our model: (1) preload reductions, (2) afterload increases, (3) the same experiments with increased ventricular contractility, (4) isovolumic contractions and (5) flow-clamps. All experiments simulated with the model generate different end-systolic pressure-volume relationships, showing that this relationship is actually load-dependent. Furthermore, we show that the results of our simulations are in good agreement with experiments. CONCLUSIONS: We implemented a multi-scale model of the cardiovascular system, in which ventricular contraction is described by a detailed sarcomere model. Using this model, we successfully reproduced a number of experiments that have shown the failing points of the time-varying elastance theory. In particular, the developed multi-scale model of the cardiovascular system can capture the load-dependence of the end-systolic pressure-volume relationship. [less ▲]

non invasive estimation of left atrial pressure and mitral valve area waveforms during an entire cardiac cycle

in proceeding of 11th national day of the National Committee on Biomedical Engineering (2012, December 07)

Development and Identification of a Closed-Loop Model of the Cardiovascular System Including the Atria

Conference (2012, August 31)

Development and Identification of a Closed-Loop Model of the Cardiovascular System Including the Atria

in Proceedings of the 8th IFAC Symposium on Biological and Medical Systems (2012, August)

Parameter Identification in a Model of the Cardiovascular System Including the Atria

Poster (2011, December 02)

Mathematical multi-scale model of the cardiovascular system including mitral valve dynamics. Application to ischemic mitral insufficiency

in BioMedical Engineering OnLine (2011), 10(1), 86

Valve dysfunction is a common cardiovascular pathology. Despite significant clinical research, there is little formal study of how valve dysfunction affects overall circulatory dynamics. Validated models ... [more ▼]

Valve dysfunction is a common cardiovascular pathology. Despite significant clinical research, there is little formal study of how valve dysfunction affects overall circulatory dynamics. Validated models would offer the ability to better understand these dynamics and thus optimize diagnosis, as well as surgical and other interventions. A cardiovascular and circulatory system (CVS) model has already been validated in silico, and in several animal model studies. It accounts for valve dynamics using Heaviside functions to simulate a physiologically accurate “open on pressure, close on flow” law. However, it does not consider real-time valve opening dynamics and therefore does not fully capture valve dysfunction, particularly where the dysfunction involves partial closure. This research describes an updated version of this previous closed-loop CVS model that includes the progressive opening of the mitral valve, and is defined over the full cardiac cycle. Simulations of the cardiovascular system with healthy mitral valve are performed, and, the global hemodynamic behaviour is studied compared with previously validated results. The error between resulting pressure-volume (PV) loops of already validated CVS model and the new CVS model that includes the progressive opening of the mitral valve is assessed and remains within typical measurement error and variability. Simulations of ischemic mitral insufficiency are also performed. Pressure-Volume loops, transmitral flow evolution and mitral valve aperture area evolution follow reported measurements in shape, amplitude and trends. The resulting cardiovascular system model including mitral valve dynamics provides a foundation for clinical validation and the study of valvular dysfunction in vivo. The overall models and results could readily be generalised to other cardiac valves. [less ▲]

A simplified model for mitral valve dynamics.

in Computer Methods & Programs in Biomedicine (2011)

Located between the left atrium and the left ventricle, the mitral valve controls flow between these two cardiac chambers. Mitral valve dysfunction is a major cause of cardiac dysfunction and its dynamics ... [more ▼]

Located between the left atrium and the left ventricle, the mitral valve controls flow between these two cardiac chambers. Mitral valve dysfunction is a major cause of cardiac dysfunction and its dynamics are little known. A simple non-linear rotational spring model is developed and implemented to capture the dynamics of the mitral valve. A measured pressure difference curve was used as the input into the model, which represents an applied torque to the anatomical valve chords. A range of mechanical model hysteresis states were investigated to find a model that best matches reported animal data of chord movement during a heartbeat. The study is limited by the use of one dataset found in the literature due to the highly invasive nature of getting this data. However, results clearly highlight fundamental physiological issues, such as the damping and chord stiffness changing within one cardiac cycle, that would be directly represented in any mitral valve model and affect behaviour in dysfunction. Very good correlation was achieved between modeled and experimental valve angle with 1-10% absolute error in the best case, indicating good promise for future simulation of cardiac valvular dysfunction, such as mitral regurgitation or stenosis. In particular, the model provides a pathway to capturing these dysfunctions in terms of modeled stiffness or elastance that can be directly related to anatomical, structural defects and dysfunction. [less ▲]

Minimal cardiovascular system model including physiological mitral valve opening

Poster (2010, November 26)

This research describes a new closed-loop cardiovascular system (CVS) model including a model of the left atrium and a model describing the progressive aperture of the mitral valve

Mathematical model of the mitral valve and the cardiovascular system, application for studying, monitoring and in the diagnosis of valvular pathologies

in UKACC international Conference on Control 2010 : Coventry, 7-10 september 2010 (2010, September 07)

A cardiovascular and circulatory system (CVS) model has been validated in silico, and in several animal model studies. It accounts for valve dynamics using Heaviside functions to simulate a physiological ... [more ▼]

A cardiovascular and circulatory system (CVS) model has been validated in silico, and in several animal model studies. It accounts for valve dynamics using Heaviside functions to simulate a physiological accurate “open on pressure, close on flow” law. Thus, it does not consider the real time scale of the valve aperture dynamics and thus doesn’t fully capture valve dysfunction particularly where the dysfunction involves partial closure. This research describes a new closed-loop CVS model including a model describing the progressive aperture of the mitral valve and valid over the full cardiac cycle. This new model is solved for a healthy and diseased mitral valve. [less ▲]