Oxygen consumption of equine articular chondrocytes: Influence of applied oxygen tension and glucose concentration during culture.

in Cell Biology International (2007), 31

We investigated the oxygen (O2) uptake of equine articular chondrocytes to assess their reactions to anoxia/re-oxygenation. They were cultured under 5% or 21% gas phase O2 and at glucose concentrations of ... [more ▼]

We investigated the oxygen (O2) uptake of equine articular chondrocytes to assess their reactions to anoxia/re-oxygenation. They were cultured under 5% or 21% gas phase O2 and at glucose concentrations of 0, 1.0 or 4.5 g/L in the culture medium (n = 3). Afterwards, the O2 consumption rate of the chondrocytes was monitored (oxymetry) before and after an anoxia period of 25 min. The glucose consumption and lactate release were measured at the end of the re-oxygenation period. The chondrocytes showed a minimal O2 consumption rate, which was hardly changed by anoxia. Independently from the O2 tension, glucose uptake by the cells was about 30% of the available culture medium glucose, thus higher for cells at 4.5 g/L glucose (n = 3). Lactate release was also independent from O2 tension, but lower for cells at 4.5 g/L glucose (n = 3). Our observations indicated that O2 consumption by equine chondrocytes was very low despite a functional mitochondrial respiratory chain, and nearly insensitive to anoxia/re-oxygenation. But the chondrocytes metabolism was modified by an excess of O2 and glucose. [less ▲]

Effects of O2 tension and glucose concentration on the cellular respiration of equine articular chondrocytes in culture.

Poster (2003)

In vivo, articular chondrocytes are exposed to 5 to 10% O21,2. Chondrocytes are also suspected to produce reactive oxygen species when submitted to anoxia/re-oxygenation3,4. We were interested to study ... [more ▼]

In vivo, articular chondrocytes are exposed to 5 to 10% O21,2. Chondrocytes are also suspected to produce reactive oxygen species when submitted to anoxia/re-oxygenation3,4. We were interested to study the effects of O2 and glucose variations on cellular respiration, glucose consumption and lactate production. Equine articular chondrocytes were cultured in suspension for 2 days under 5 or 21 % O2 in the gaseous phase, and with 0, 1.0 or 4.5 g/L glucose. The viable cells were then counted and the respiration rate (O2 consumption) of 10.106 cells was monitored by oxymetry for 2 hours; after oxymetry, glucose and lactate were measured in the medium (enzymatic assays). After 2 days, the cell viability was the best at 5% O2 and 1g/L glucose; it decreased at 4.5 g/L glucose and was the worst at 0g/L glucose, for the two O2 tensions (n=3). There was no obvious difference of the respiration rate between cells cultured at 5 and 21% O2, but respiration of chondrocytes was surprisingly low. When cells were submitted to 20 min anoxia at 0% O2, the O2 consumption was doubled at re-oxygenation for cells previously cultured at 21% O2. Glucose and lactate values found in the medium after oxymetry : lactate release in medium was similar (36.23 and 34.57 mg/L respectively) for cells cultured with 1g glucose and 5 or 21% O2 conditions; lactate values were low (2.03 and 8,63 mg/L respectively) for 4.5 g glucose and 5 or 21% O2. Glucose uptake was not different whatever the culture conditions. These results indicate a low cellular respiration with a lactate production linked to the glucose concentration in the medium, and raise the question of the capacity of chondrocytes to produce ROS in vivo starting from the mitochondrial chain. [less ▲]

Transport of arginine and ornithine into isolated mitochondria of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

in European Journal of Biochemistry (1998), 258(2), 702-9

Initial rate study of [C14]ADP uptake in ADP loaded mitoplasts and the kinetic mechanism of the ADP/ATP carrier

in WEsterhoff, H. V.; Snoep, J.; Wijker, J. (Eds.) et al Biothermokinetics of the living cell (1996)

Mutations Affecting the Mitochondrial Genes Encoding the Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit I and Apocytochrome B of Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii

in Molecular & General Genetics [=MGG] (1995), 249(2), 179-84

Mitochondrial mutants of the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii that are inactivated in the cytochrome pathway of respiration have previously been isolated. Despite the fact that the alternative oxidase ... [more ▼]

Mitochondrial mutants of the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii that are inactivated in the cytochrome pathway of respiration have previously been isolated. Despite the fact that the alternative oxidase pathway is still active the mutants have lost the capacity to grow heterotrophically (dark + acetate) and display reduced growth under mixotrophic conditions (light + acetate). In crosses between wild-type and mutant cells, the meiotic progeny only inherit the character transmitted by the mt- parent, which indicates that the mutations are located in the 15.8 kb linear mitochondrial genome. Two new mutants (dum-18 and dum-19) have now been isolated and characterized genetically, biochemically and at the molecular level. In addition, two previously isolated mutants (dum-11 and dum-15) were characterized in more detail. dum-11 contains two types of deleted mitochondrial DNA molecules: 15.1 kb monomers lacking the subterminal part of the genome, downstream of codon 147 of the apocytochrome b (COB) gene, and dimers resulting from head-to-head fusion of asymmetrically deleted monomers (15.1 and 9.5 kb DNA molecules, respectively). As in the wild type, the three other mutants contain only 15.8 kb mitochondrial DNA molecules. dum-15 is mutated at codon 140 of the COB gene, a serine (TCT) being changed into a tyrosine (TAC). dum-18 and dum-19 both inactivate cytochrome c oxidase, as a result of frameshift mutations (addition or deletion of 1 bp) at codons 145 and 152, respectively, of the COX1 gene encoding subunit I of cytochrome c oxidase. In a total of ten respiratory deficient mitochondrial mutants characterized thus far, only mutations located in COB or COX1 have been isolated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) [less ▲]

Initial rate kinetic study of the Pyruvate Translocator in Intact Rat-heart Mitochondria

in Westerhoff, H. V. (Ed.) Biothermokinetics (1993)

Study of a new presumed mitochondrial carrier, the product of the yeast RIM 2 gene

in Archives Internationales de Physiologie, de Biochimie et de Biophysique (1992), 100

Induction and Characterization of Mitochondrial DNA Mutants in Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii

in Journal of Cell Biology (1989), 108(4), 1221-6

In addition to lethal minute colony mutations which correspond to loss of mitochondrial DNA, acriflavin induces in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii a low percentage of cells that grow in the light but do not ... [more ▼]

In addition to lethal minute colony mutations which correspond to loss of mitochondrial DNA, acriflavin induces in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii a low percentage of cells that grow in the light but do not divide under heterotrophic conditions. Two such obligate photoautotrophic mutants were shown to lack the cyanide-sensitive cytochrome pathway of the respiration and to have a reduced cytochrome c oxidase activity. In crosses to wild type, the mutations are transmitted almost exclusively from the mating type minus parent. A same pattern of inheritance is seen for the mitochondrial DNA in crosses between the two interfertile species C. reinhardtii and Chlamydomonas smithii. Both mutants have a deletion in the region of the mitochondrial DNA containing the apocytochrome b gene and possibly the unidentified URFx gene. [less ▲]

Spontaneous modification of the oxoglutarate translocator in vivo.

in European Journal of Biochemistry (1984), 142

Kinetic mechanism of the exchanges catalysed by the adenine-nucleotide carrier.

in European Journal of Biochemistry (1980), 106