References of "Claisse, Frédéric"
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See detailLe projet SCoPE, la construction de l'action publique en univers incertain: l'Open Process Workshop comme technique participative
Joris, Geoffrey ULg; Claisse, Frédéric ULg

in Brunet, Sébastien; Claisse, Frédéric; Fallon, Catherine (Eds.) La participation à l'épreuve (in press)

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See detailMeeting of Minds: tempête de cerveaux dans un verre d'eau ?
Claisse, Frédéric ULg; Brunet, Sébastien ULg

in Brunet, Sébastien; Claisse, Frédéric; Fallon, Catherine (Eds.) La participation à l'épreuve (in press)

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See detailLa participation à l'épreuve
Brunet, Sébastien ULg; Claisse, Frédéric ULg; Fallon, Catherine ULg

Book published by Peter Lang (in press)

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See detailTicks of the trade: technical analysis self-justified
Claisse, Frédéric ULg

Conference (2013, October)

As opposed to fundamental analysis, financial chartism (or technical analysis) is based on the assumption that future movements of a traded asset can be inferred from past regularities. In spite, or maybe ... [more ▼]

As opposed to fundamental analysis, financial chartism (or technical analysis) is based on the assumption that future movements of a traded asset can be inferred from past regularities. In spite, or maybe by virtue of its lack of scientific grounds, it enjoys an ever-growing popularity among amateur traders, as countless websites provide free, simple and powerful tools for making professional-looking charts and even automate the detection of trends. Though technical analysts account for the validity of chart patterns in terms of market psychology, constructivist explanations also abound among trading communities: it is all as if economic agents reflexively used technical analysis as a means of coordination on the market. Markers like moving averages and trend lines serve as self-referent indicators whose efficacy only gets reinforced as more agents use it as pivotal points. Performativity is the technical analyst’s most natural language: explicit mentions to mechanisms such as the self-fulfilling prophecy or the Keynesian beauty contest are the only justifications s/he needs. Some chartists even claim their discipline does not contradict the efficient-market hypothesis: if prices already reflect all past publicly available information, one may skip the hassle of dissecting balance sheets or mastering pricing models, focusing instead on candlestick or diagram patterns which, by conjecture, contain all the necessary information to explain price movements. Drawing on the comparative analysis of nonprofessional trading blogs, our paper examines how these major epistemic modes of justification of technical analysis have come to support each other, in a context of proliferation of charting tools. [less ▲]

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See detailEurabian Nights: From Narrative Identities to Imagined Communities
Claisse, Frédéric ULg

Conference (2013, September)

Though the themes of ‘counter-jihad’ and ‘islamofascism’ contributed to somehow renew the far right discourse, it is arguable that the core structure of the underlying political narrative remained ... [more ▼]

Though the themes of ‘counter-jihad’ and ‘islamofascism’ contributed to somehow renew the far right discourse, it is arguable that the core structure of the underlying political narrative remained unchanged – ‘Muslims’ merely taking the place of Jews in the role of ‘enemies from within’, while Islam superseded communism as the major totalitarian threat to the Western world. Taken as a globalised narrative, counter-jihad discourse displays striking differences between its North American and European versions, the former emphasizing Islam as a rather external, terrorist threat, whereas the latter denounces it as a cultural peril, resulting from an alleged failure of multiculturalism both as a policy and as an ideology. The ‘Eurabia’ conspiracy theory often serves as the bedrock of these narratives: a deliberate, albeit covert policy framework set by European and Arab leaders in order to gradually establish a Muslim majority in Europe. Still, the question remains whether these new discursive entities function as pure ‘identity markers’ or reveal original, unprecedented forms of ‘imagined communities’ (B. Anderson). In this respect, the Eurabian scenario contrasts sharply with the traditional far right rhetoric of decline: as it sets a seemingly inescapable, dystopian horizon, it paradoxically presupposes the existence of an organized political community actually able to do something to prevent that dark future from happening. Through ‘heuristics of fear’ (H. Jonas), Eurabia aims at creating a community of politically aware individuals and empowering them for current and future struggles. In our paper, we propose to analyse such ‘imaginary institution’ of a counter-jihad society. Using controversy mapping tools to show the relation between actors of the movement, we will particularly focus on the blogging community and its notably prominent role in the spreading and structuring of the Eurabian dystopia. [less ▲]

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See detail"We come in peace" : Laibach ou l'art de la fugue
Claisse, Frédéric ULg

in Multitudes (2013), (51), 212-218

Emerging in the ideological context of the last decade of Yugoslavia, Slovenian industrial music group Laibach and its umbrella organisation, Neue Slowenische Kunst (NSK), contributed to renew the grammar ... [more ▼]

Emerging in the ideological context of the last decade of Yugoslavia, Slovenian industrial music group Laibach and its umbrella organisation, Neue Slowenische Kunst (NSK), contributed to renew the grammar of contentious politics, through the principle of “retrogardism” and the technique of overidentification to the aesthetic codes of power. The paper traces the group’s line of work, analysing its strategies while insisting on the systematically ironic dimension of its mode of utterance, especially of its art of cover songs. [less ▲]

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See detailAs Above, so Below: Narrative Salience and Side Effects of National Innovation Systems
Claisse, Frédéric ULg; Delvenne, Pierre ULg

in European Political Science (2013), accepté à publication

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See detailEn attendant la fin des temps: deux espèces d'apocalypticiens
Claisse, Frédéric ULg

Article for general public (2012)

A l'approche de la date fatidique du 21 décembre 2012, l'article revient sur la posture "catastrophiste" en insistant sur le rôle de la fiction et de l'imagination dans nos stratégies collectives d ... [more ▼]

A l'approche de la date fatidique du 21 décembre 2012, l'article revient sur la posture "catastrophiste" en insistant sur le rôle de la fiction et de l'imagination dans nos stratégies collectives d'évitement du pire. Assimilés à tort aux prophètes de malheur, les auteurs de dystopie comme Orwell ou Huxley ne nous décrivent l'avènement d'une menace que pour mieux la conjurer. Sans cette espèce d' "apocalypticiens prophylactiques", comme se décrivait Günther Anders, il est probable que notre capacité à penser la catastrophe serait sérieusement atrophiée. [less ▲]

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See detailA design for living: metaleptic devices and trends of gnostic imagination in contemporary science-fiction
Claisse, Frédéric ULg

Conference (2012, October)

As a narrative pattern and a cultural motif, the confusion between fictional worlds and reality traditionally leads to metaphysical arguments about liberty and destiny. Despite their drawing heavily on ... [more ▼]

As a narrative pattern and a cultural motif, the confusion between fictional worlds and reality traditionally leads to metaphysical arguments about liberty and destiny. Despite their drawing heavily on scientific imagination and technoscientific artefacts, science fiction movies exploring that theme never really broke with the way it has been treated since Calderon de la Barca’s Life is a dream: the hero’s quest leads him to doubt his own identity and dispute the ontological status of the world he lives in, leaving him and the viewer perplexed as to the ultimate nature of things. Yet, in the last fifteen years, an increasing number of science-fiction movies renewed that interrogation, notably by placing the issue of design at the centre of the plot: fictional worlds are not only denounced as fictional, but also shown as works in progress, literally rebuilt according to the plan of not-so-hidden designers acting as demiurges. In Dark City, Vanilla Sky or, more recently, Inception and The Adjustment Bureau, the emphasis on design and architecture together with the use of computational metaphors result in the promotion of one particular world to the status of “reference” universe, to be held as more “real” than other, fabricated and computed worlds made accessible by sophisticated devices operating as metaleptic instruments (such as Neo’s cable plug or the “bio-ports” in ExistenZ). This paper wishes to explore this shift towards “gnostic", Matrix-like science-fictional narratives, particularly in relation to the dramatic development of networking and surveillance capabilities that occurred during the same period. [less ▲]

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See detailSimulacres et Futurs antérieurs: Contributions à une approche narrative du politique
Claisse, Frédéric ULg

Doctoral thesis (2012)

The thesis assembles five publications dealing with the role played by fiction in our experience and apprehension of the world. Can fiction convey contents of knowledge or even constitute a source of ... [more ▼]

The thesis assembles five publications dealing with the role played by fiction in our experience and apprehension of the world. Can fiction convey contents of knowledge or even constitute a source of knowledge in itself? This question is broken down into a series of studies about the implicit sociology of American writer William S. Burroughs; industrial music as a critical device; the configuration power of Nineteen Eighty-Four in the denunciation of new technologies of surveillance and social control; the deep homology between power and narrativity; as well as counter-fiction within “societies of control”. The general introduction preceding these publications aims at building two examples of “fictional forms of intelligibility” conceived as cognitive and pragmatic resources used by members of society: “simulacrum”, which consists in criticising a target, in a systematically ironical mode, so as to turn its language and mode of functioning against it; “future perfect”, which proposes the anticipation of a threat described as having already occurred, in order to demonstrate the urgency in taking action to thwart it. The thesis defends a minimalist and holist conception of fictional knowledge: it is as a means at the service of the mimetic modelling of social and political processes that fiction activates a sense of possibilities and exerts a cognitive function. In this way, these collected works intend to give the first elements of a research programme in social and political sciences around power of and as a narrative. Narrative appears not only as an object, but especially as a tool for analyzing politics. [less ▲]

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See detailL'énergie de la participation est-elle renouvelable ? La production de scénarios énergétiques et ses malentendus
Claisse, Frédéric ULg; Italiano, Patrick ULg

Conference (2012, June 22)

Financé dans le cadre du programme de recherche fédéral sur le développement durable, le projet SEPIA avait pour but « d’examiner la faisabilité d’une analyse de durabilité intégrée (integrated ... [more ▼]

Financé dans le cadre du programme de recherche fédéral sur le développement durable, le projet SEPIA avait pour but « d’examiner la faisabilité d’une analyse de durabilité intégrée (integrated sustainability assessment, ISA) du système énergétique belge et d’en débattre avec les représentants de groupes sociaux. » SEPIA illustre le « tournant réflexif » pris ces dernières années par l’approche des nouveaux risques technologiques et environnementaux, lesquels mettraient à l’épreuve les découpages scientifiques traditionnels et imposeraient un mode de gestion publique intégrée, prenant en compte différentes disciplines et cadres cognitifs, dans un contexte d’incertitudes multiples, scientifiques et politiques. Dans cette perspective, le défi de la transition énergétique impliquerait de réinventer des processus délibératifs qui fassent davantage appel à la participation et au dialogue entre société civile, société politique et experts scientifiques. Projet à l’architecture complexe et multidimensionnelle, SEPIA associait une approche experte et une dimension participative, avec une cascade de processus de traitement de données. Dans ses aspects participatifs, SEPIA devait aboutir à la construction de scénarios énergétiques, élaborés par un premier panel d’experts et d’acteurs dans le domaine de l’énergie. La méthode prospective adoptée était celle du backcasting : un futur souhaitable est préalablement posé, obligeant à s’interroger sur les mesures et les étapes nécessaires pour y parvenir et relier ce futur au présent. L’exercice consistait, pour les participants à ce panel, à imaginer des scénarios contrastés permettant à la Belgique de se conformer, à l’horizon 2050, à un ensemble contraignant de huit objectifs de développement durable, dont celui de réduire de 80 % les émissions de gaz à effets de serre. Ces scénarios devaient ensuite être modélisés grâce à un logiciel de simulation énergétique selon les seuils et paramètres identifiés par les experts. Un second panel, composé d’acteurs concernés, était alors chargé d’évaluer les scénarios selon une approche normative multi-critères. Enfin, le résultat de cette évaluation devait être encore retraité par un autre logiciel pour le soutien à la décision en groupe, selon une méthodologie basée sur la logique floue. Un tel souci, indissociablement méthodologique et normatif, d’interroger aussi bien des experts que des groupes sociaux concernés par la problématique, ne va pas sans malentendus quant à la nature même de la participation. Ce sont ces malentendus que notre communication se propose d’interroger. La participation avait-elle un objectif précis en termes de résultats ou était-elle une finalité en soi ? L’évaluation des scénarios devait-elle être centrée sur la désirabilité ou sur la probabilité ? Quelles compétences déterminées devait-on mobiliser autour de la table, sachant que la liste de variables à prendre en compte est potentiellement infinie ? Comment les participants, experts ou stakeholders, s’accommodent-ils d’un design de recherche aussi complexe ? La participation au processus est-elle en soi une gratification ou d’autres incitants sont-ils nécessaires pour mobiliser des expertises de haut niveau ? Ces malentendus ne sont pas propres à SEPIA : ils sont au cœur de tout dispositif de recherche dès lors qu’il s’agit d’associer une réflexion méthodologique à un impératif de participation. [less ▲]

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See detailQue sont les fachos devenus ?
Jacquemain, Marc ULg; Claisse, Frédéric ULg

Article for general public (2012)

L'article analyse la transformation de l'extrême-droite en Europe en mettant en avant sa diversifisation et sa rupture avec le fascisme historique. L'extrême-droite a été longtemps politiquement contenue ... [more ▼]

L'article analyse la transformation de l'extrême-droite en Europe en mettant en avant sa diversifisation et sa rupture avec le fascisme historique. L'extrême-droite a été longtemps politiquement contenue au prix de la diffusion dans une partie du champ démocratique de l'essentiel de ses conceptions idéologiques, à la faveur du "backlash" dénoncé par le démographe français Hugues Lagrange. [less ▲]

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See detailLe G1000: Trois défis méthodologiques
Reuchamps, Min ULg; Dodeigne, Jérémy ULg; Claisse, Frédéric ULg

Scientific conference (2012, March 01)

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See detailContr(ôl)e-fiction: de l'Empire à l'Interzone
Claisse, Frédéric ULg

in Multitudes (2012), 48(printemps), 106-117

The success of the notion of 'control' proposed by Deleuze and later developped by Negri and Hardt tends to obliterate its literary origins, ie. the work of William S. Burroughs. Yet, the American writer ... [more ▼]

The success of the notion of 'control' proposed by Deleuze and later developped by Negri and Hardt tends to obliterate its literary origins, ie. the work of William S. Burroughs. Yet, the American writer's logic of Control is based on the same ambivalent representation of power as a hold, according to which freedom is a mere lever serving to act upon an individual's possible actions. Restoring this Burroughsian filiation of Control emphasizes its counter-fictional dimension: in an outsideless word, practices such as cut-up or simulacrum reinvent our capacity of action. [less ▲]

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See detailThe Tell-Tale Heart of Political Science: Literal vs. Metaphorical Use of Narrative in Analysing Power Relations
Claisse, Frédéric ULg; Delvenne, Pierre ULg

Conference (2011, August 25)

Judging by their current uses in policy analysis, the merits of notions such as ‘policy narrative’ and ‘meta-narrative’ seem to reside more in their evocative or suggestive character than in any capacity ... [more ▼]

Judging by their current uses in policy analysis, the merits of notions such as ‘policy narrative’ and ‘meta-narrative’ seem to reside more in their evocative or suggestive character than in any capacity to “tell a story”. Narratives constructed by political scientists mostly have a representational content that bears little similarity with what narratology as a discipline studies. Breaking up with this metaphorical use, we propose to take the storytelling dimension of policy narrative more seriously, ie. more literally. Though narratives proved useful in understanding the articulation of discursive patterns and power struggles in policy processes, we think it paradoxically failed to provide a consistent analysis of what is at stake when agents and institutions get “entangled in stories” (to take the expression of German phenomenologist Wilhelm Schapp). What would happen to policy narratives if, according to the strictly technical, narratological sense of the word, we suddenly turned actors and agents into “characters”, who get transformed through a series of trials and tests? Similarly, if we restored the notion of perspective (what narratologists call ‘focalization’), what would be the consequence for the policy analyst to be envisaged as a narrator? [less ▲]

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See detailArgument du contrôle et scénarisation: une approche narrative du pouvoir.
Claisse, Frédéric ULg

in Wintgens, Sophie; Piet, Grégory (Eds.) La Puissance: débat autour des jeux et des enjeux du pouvoir (2011, April 27)

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See detailMême le silence a une fin
Claisse, Frédéric ULg

Article for general public (2011)

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