  Aphid - phytovirus interactions: investigation of virus binding mechanisms in insect vectors by lectin use and proteomic approachYattara, Almouner Ag Alhamis  ; ; Francis, Frédéric Poster (2011, July 11) Aphids are well known for their role in virus transmission to host plant. In some cases, the virus is transmitted from plant to plant simply attached to the cuticule of the mouthparts or the forget. For ... [more ▼] Aphids are well known for their role in virus transmission to host plant. In some cases, the virus is transmitted from plant to plant simply attached to the cuticule of the mouthparts or the forget. For other, circulative virus transmission based on virion internalization through the aphid gut followed by transfer to salivary glands and finally to next plant during aphid feeding is required. In both situations, presence of receptor components through the digestive tract of the aphids is needed for virus binding and further transmission to next plants even if not localized at the same place. In order to investigate the specific binding of virus on particular aphid receptors, two aphid-virus models were selected to be tested using several lectins showing differential sugar binding specificities. Virus transmission efficacy assays with Myzus persicae and potato virus but also Acyrthosiphon pisum and pea enation mosaic virus were performed using a range of lectins to assess the potential competition of lectins and virus. Some interesting lectins were found to reduce the virus transmission with a 2 fold factor showing potential use of lectin in virus spread control. The aphids were also investigated by a proteomic approach using a two Dimension-Differential in Gel Electrophoresis (2D-Dige) coupled with mass spectrometry to determine the aphid proteins involved in virus transmissions. Head or digestive tubes of aphids were collected and investigated for non persistant or persistant virus models respectively. Differential abilities of aphids to transmit the selected virus models are discussed in relation with lectin affinity specificity and investigated aphid proteins found to be involved in vector-virus interactions. The application of lectin as potential way to reduce virus transmission by aphids will also be developed. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 66 (5 ULg)Diversité des pucerons en parcelles de pomme de terre et impact sur la dissémination des virosesYattara, Almouner Ag Alhamis ; ; Francis, Frédéric Poster (2010, July 05) Protect crops against aphids is even less easy than the high proliferation potential and possible infestation by winged individuals from distant homes, require on the part of farmers regularly monitored ... [more ▼] Protect crops against aphids is even less easy than the high proliferation potential and possible infestation by winged individuals from distant homes, require on the part of farmers regularly monitored. In addition, in the case of aphid vectors of virus diseases, it is necessary to detect the first attacks to limit the spread of the disease within the plot. In 2009, the abundance and diversity of aphids was studied using the yellow bins installed in a network of nine plots of potatoes throughout Wallonia. The evaluation of the diversity and abundance of aphid species were evaluated weekly by collecting the insects captured. At the same time catch and observations on the plots, a sample of thirty leaves of potato is taken from each of the nine plots and analyzed in the laboratory to detect any viral infections, mainly PVY and PLRV. During the growing season, six species of aphid were particularly abundant: Metopolophium dirhodum, Sitobion avenae, Aphis fabae, Macrosiphum euphorbiae, Rhopalosiphum padi and Acyrthosiphon pisum. The ELISA performed on leaf samples taken from different plots of potato revealed the presence of PVY and PLRV in six of nine plots sampled. We observed a greater diversity of aphid species in almost all plots investigated. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 30 (3 ULg) Etude du rôle des bactéries symbiotiques de pucerons dans l'adaptation aux plantes hôtesYattara, Almouner Ag Alhamis Master of advanced studies dissertation (2007) Detailed reference viewed: 26 (3 ULg) |
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