La transition des territoires périurbains vers un modèle plus durable : perspectives pour le renouvellement périurbain.

in 1er Congrès interdisciplinaire du Développement Durable : Quelle transition pour nos sociétés ? Thème 3 : Logement et Aménagement du territoire. Recueil. (2013, February)

L’article aborde la question du recyclage des quartiers périurbains existants sous l'angle énergétique. Deux leviers d’actions sont mobilisés à cet effet : la forme urbaine, qui est étudiée en ... [more ▼]

L’article aborde la question du recyclage des quartiers périurbains existants sous l'angle énergétique. Deux leviers d’actions sont mobilisés à cet effet : la forme urbaine, qui est étudiée en complémentarité de l’échelle du bâtiment individuel, et la mobilité, car l’étalement urbain est entretenu et favorisé, en grande partie par la dépendance à la voiture individuelle. Deux indicateurs principaux (les besoins de chauffage de différents types de formes périurbaines et un indice de performance des déplacements) sont développés et discutés pour mettre en évidence les scénarios de renouvellement les plus adaptés et répondre à deux questions : « comment intervenir dans les quartiers périurbains existants ? » et « où intervenir ? ». Des pistes concrètes visant à l’opérationnalisation d’un « renouvellement périurbain » plus durable sont ensuite proposées. [less ▲]

Passive designs and strategies for low-cost housing using simulation-based optimization and different thermal comfort criteria

in Journal of Building Performance Simulation [=JBPS] (2013)

An optimum design of low-cost housing offers low-income urban inhabitants great opportunities to obtain a shelter at an affordable price and acceptable indoor thermal conditions. In this paper, the design ... [more ▼]

An optimum design of low-cost housing offers low-income urban inhabitants great opportunities to obtain a shelter at an affordable price and acceptable indoor thermal conditions. In this paper, the design and operation of a low-cost dwelling were numerically optimized using a simulation-based approach. Three multi-objective cost functions including construction cost, thermal comfort performance and 50-year operating cost were applied for naturally ventilated and air-conditioned buildings. Thermal environment inside the house was controlled and assessed by two thermal comfort models. Optimization problems which consist of 18 design parameters and 6 ventilation strategies were examined by two population-based probabilistic optimization algorithms (particle swarm optimization and hybrid algorithm). Optimum designs corresponding to each objective function, differences in optimal solutions, energy saving by the adaptive comfort approach and optimization effectiveness were outlined. The optimization method used in this paper shows a considerable potential of comfort improvement, energy saving and operating cost reduction. [less ▲]

Cartographie des Emissions annuelles de CO2 dues aux consommations énergétiques des bâtiments tertiaires en Région wallonne. Rapport de synthèse.

Report (2013)

School commuting: the relationship between energy consumption and urban form

in Journal of Transport Geography (2013), 26

A large amount of research in the past has focused on the relationships between the energy consumption for home-to-work travels and land-use patterns. However, little is known about children's mobility ... [more ▼]

A large amount of research in the past has focused on the relationships between the energy consumption for home-to-work travels and land-use patterns. However, little is known about children's mobility. This paper analyses the energy consumption, travel distances and modechoices for school commuting based on two decennial surveys in Belgium. The results highlight the following: (1) Mobility behaviours have evolved drastically over the past decades for school commuting, an evolution that cannot be entirely related to land-use variables. (2) The energy consumption for school commuting is strongly dependent upon the school level. (3) The links between land-use patterns and energy consumption for school commuting are different than those highlighted within the literature between urban forms and home-to-work commutes. The concentration of secondary schools and tertiary institutions in urban centres induces higher energy consumption rates, whereas the decentralisation of nursery and primary schools across the entire territory leads to very low local energy consumption and increased walking and cycling. These results provide a better understanding of school commuting within the European context and could guide future policies focused on transport energy consumption at the local scale. [less ▲]

Optimum design of low-cost housing in developing countries using nonsmooth simulation-based optimization

in Proceedings of the 28th International PLEA Conference (2012, November 07)

An optimum design of Low-cost housing (LCH) offers low-income urban inhabitants great opportunities to obtain a shelter at affordable price and acceptable indoor thermal conditions. In the present study ... [more ▼]

An optimum design of Low-cost housing (LCH) offers low-income urban inhabitants great opportunities to obtain a shelter at affordable price and acceptable indoor thermal conditions. In the present study, the design and operation of a low cost dwelling were numerically optimized using simulation-based approach in which a dynamic building simulation program (EnergyPlus) was coupled with the optimization engine (GenOpt). Three multi-objective cost functions which include construction cost, indoor thermal comfort and 50-year operating cost were applied for naturally ventilated (NV) and air-conditioned (AC) buildings. Optimization problem which consists of 18 building parameters combined with 6 ventilation strategies was examined by two population-based optimization algorithms (Particle Swarm optimization and Hybrid algorithm) to find optimum combinations among these variables. The results show that the design requirements of NV and AC dwellings are not quite similar, and in a few categories, even contradictory. Optimum design corresponding to each cost function was outlined. Results of this paper also show great potential of optimization in comfort improvement, energy saving, life cycle cost, up to 40%. [less ▲]

A climate analysis tool for passive heating and cooling strategies in hot humid climate based on Typical Meteorological Year data sets

in Energy & Buildings (2012), In Press(In Press),

Through a newly developed climate analysis tool, this paper examines the potential of improving thermal comfort under the climates of Vietnam thanks to passive strategies. A Building climatic chart for ... [more ▼]

Through a newly developed climate analysis tool, this paper examines the potential of improving thermal comfort under the climates of Vietnam thanks to passive strategies. A Building climatic chart for Vietnamese was proposed based on Fanger’s theory [1] and the comfort zone of this chart was then extended by calculating the effects of passive heating and cooling strategies. Typical Meteorological Year weather data are used for extracting and graphically printing of hourly environmental parameters on the psychrometric chart and for climate analysis, subsequently. The limitation and the scope of this method are also specified. The climates of three climatic regions in Vietnam have been used as case studies using all year, seasonal and monthly analysis. The results show that natural ventilation is an effective cooling solution as thermal comfort improvement varies with the climatic zones, increasing from 24.8% in Hanoi, 22.1% in Danang to 32.0% in Hochiminh city. Meanwhile, passive solar heating is only effective under the climate of Hanoi. Direct evaporative cooling also shows great cooling potential for comfort improvement but probable elevated humidity is not expected. Total possible comfort in a year of each location indicates that further climate modification methods are inevitable to achieve comfort during extreme weather conditions, especially in Hanoi. [less ▲]

La recherche dans les domaines des Smart Cities et de l'efficacité énergétique des bâtiments

Conference given outside the academic context (2012)

Réduire les consommations énergétiques des ménages : influence des bâtiments et du transport.

Conference given outside the academic context (2012)

An adaptive thermal comfort model for hot humid South-East Asia

in Building & Environment (2012), 56

The present paper presents a full procedure to develop an adaptive comfort model for South-East Asia. Meta-analysis on large number of observations from field surveys which were conducted in this region ... [more ▼]

The present paper presents a full procedure to develop an adaptive comfort model for South-East Asia. Meta-analysis on large number of observations from field surveys which were conducted in this region was employed. Standardization and bias control of the database were fully reported. Statistical tests of significance and weighted regression method applied in the analyses strengthened the reliability of the findings. This paper found a great influence of ‘Griffiths constant’ on the establishment of adaptive comfort equation and proposed an appropriate value. The adaptive comfort model generated is applicable to naturally ventilated building under hot and humid conditions of South-East Asia. The mean neutral comfort temperature (operative temperature, effective temperature, standard effective temperature) in naturally ventilated and air-conditioned building was compared and the differences have been discussed. The similar neutral standard effective temperature in both naturally ventilated and air-conditioned building proposes a new idea to implement SET* into building simulation tools to assess thermal comfort without the attention of building classification. Through the analysis, the effectiveness of behavioral adaptive actions on occupant’s thermal perception has been argued. The extended PMV-PPD model for hot humid conditions was examined and its applicability was recommended. Other comfort related issues, the differences and similarities between various adaptive comfort models were also addressed. [less ▲]

La performance énergétique des urbanisations

Conference given outside the academic context (2012)