Influence of organic matter on bio-availability of carbosulfan and its toxicity on a carabidae

in Abstracts - 59the International Symposium on Crop Protection (2007, May 22)

TRIMETHYLAMINE IN PLASMA OF LAMBS FED WITH RAPESEED MEAL

Poster (2005)

In order to study the effects of aromatic choline esters, thirty Texel, Suffolk or crossbred lambs allocated to three groups are fed ad libitum with pasture hay and diets containing 0 % (control) or 25 ... [more ▼]

In order to study the effects of aromatic choline esters, thirty Texel, Suffolk or crossbred lambs allocated to three groups are fed ad libitum with pasture hay and diets containing 0 % (control) or 25% of each rapeseed meal. A specific technique is developed for trimethylamine determination in plasma. [less ▲]

New method for a two-step hydrolysis and chromatographic analysis of pectin neutral sugar chains

in Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry (2004), 52(15), 4652-4659

A new method for the determination of the main neutral sugars in pectin has been developed. The sample preparation involves a mild chemical attack followed by an enzymatic hydrolysis. The completeness and ... [more ▼]

A new method for the determination of the main neutral sugars in pectin has been developed. The sample preparation involves a mild chemical attack followed by an enzymatic hydrolysis. The completeness and nondestructive character of the method are demonstrated by comparison of the results obtained with different acids such as H2SO4, HCI, and trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) at different concentrations (2, 1, or 0.2 M) at two temperatures (80 or 100 degreesC). The chemical hydrolysis of pectin neutral sugar chains with strong acid (1 or 2 M) and high temperature (100 degreesC) shows that the liberation of the pectin sugars is not realized at the same rate for each sugar. Different optimum conditions are thus obtained. However, the chemical pectin hydrolysis with 0.2 M TFA at 80 degreesC is characterized by the liberation of pectin neutral sugar side chains without any degradation within 72 h of hydrolysis. Under these conditions, the liberation of some pectin sugars, essentially galactose, glucose, and rhamnose, was not complete. An enzymatic hydrolysis is necessary to obtain a complete release of all the sugars. The combination of the two treatments, a chemical hydrolysis realized with diluted acid (0.2 M) for 72 h at low temperature (80 degreesC) on one hand and an enzymatic hydrolysis on the other hand, allow a total liberation of pectin sugars. The quantitative analysis of the carbohydrates is realized with accuracy, high selectivity, and sensitivity with high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed-amperometric detection. The sugars can be analyzed without any derivatization with a limit of quantification of 0.1 mM. [less ▲]

Disorders of lambs thyroid by a glucosinolate metabolite: the 5-vinyl-l,3-oxazolidine-2-thione (5-VOT)

Conference (2003)

The impact of 5-VOT on thyroid was studied in two lambs. They received ad libitum water, hay and concentrates without rapeseed from ten days of age till weaning (65 days of age). At 85 days of age, one of ... [more ▼]

The impact of 5-VOT on thyroid was studied in two lambs. They received ad libitum water, hay and concentrates without rapeseed from ten days of age till weaning (65 days of age). At 85 days of age, one of them was fed with the same diet but mixed with 100g/d of a rapeseed containing high level of progoitrin: 71.4µmol/g DM (variety Jet Neuf). Blood samples were taken fortnightly for the determination of TSH (Thyroid Stimulating Hormone), T3 (Tri-iodothyronin) and T4 (thyroxin) plasma concentrations. [less ▲]

Chemical changes and influences of rapeseed antinutritional factors on gestating and lactating ewes 1. Animal performances and plasma hormones and glucose

in Animal Feed Science & Technology (2002), 98(1-2), 25-35

An experiment was carried out in order to study the effects of high levels of low-glucosinolates (LG)-rapeseed meal of two varieties (Apex or Synergy) on ewes and lambs performances and circulating ... [more ▼]

An experiment was carried out in order to study the effects of high levels of low-glucosinolates (LG)-rapeseed meal of two varieties (Apex or Synergy) on ewes and lambs performances and circulating hormones (progesterone-P4, estradiol-E2,-prolactin-PRL, cortisol, insulin, tri-iodothyronin-T3, thyroxin-T4) and glucose. On the 100th day of gestation, 90 ewes bearing at least two foetuses were divided into 3 groups. Control, Apex and Synergy groups received concentrates with 0, 40 and 40% of LG-rapeseed meal obtained with either Apex (13.77 mumol of glucosinolates/g DM seed) or Synergy (18.19 mumol) variety. Apart from the distribution of pasture hay ad libitum, the ewes received 500 and 1200 g of concentrates/animal per day during gestation and lactation, respectively. Concentrates were offered till the 47th day of lactation, and thereafter, the ewes were fed only with hay during 3 weeks. The lambs received ad libitum concentrates without rapeseed meal from 10 days of age till slaughtering. They were weaned at 65 days of age and were slaughtered when their fattening state was optimal. The performances of ewes (food intake and liveweight profiles) and of lambs (birth liveweight, mortality at birth, weight gains, slaughtering parameters) were not reduced by 40% of LG-rapeseed meal except a decrease in the liveweight for ewes in the Apex group after lambing. The profiles and levels of plasma metabolic (T3, T4, cortisol, insulin) and reproductive (PRL, P4) hormones were not modified by the rapeseed meal. In contrast, the estradiol concentration was lower (P < 0.05) in the two groups of ewes which received rapeseed meal than in the controls as an index of an eventual disturbance in the reproductive functions. In conclusion, large amounts of LG-rapeseed meal may be used as protein supplement in the diet of ewes at the end of gestation and during lactation without negative effects on animal performances and physiology. (c( 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. [less ▲]

A recombinant beta-O-glucosidase from Caldocellum saccharolyticum to hydrolyse desulfo-glucosinolates

in Biotechnology Letters (2001), 23(6), 443-446

Glucosinolates, natural compounds found in Brassicaceae, can easily be transformed into desulfo-glucosinolates by action of Helix pomatia sulfatase. The recombinant beta -O-glucosidase from Caldocellum ... [more ▼]

Glucosinolates, natural compounds found in Brassicaceae, can easily be transformed into desulfo-glucosinolates by action of Helix pomatia sulfatase. The recombinant beta -O-glucosidase from Caldocellum saccharolyticum does not catalyse glucosinolate degradation but can hydrolyse desulfo-glucosinolates (thio-D-glucosidic substrates) to produce the corresponding pure nitriles, including valuable homochiral representatives. [less ▲]

Chemical changes and influences of rapeseed antinutritional factors on lamb physiology and performance. 3. Antinutritional factors in plasma and organs

in Animal Feed Science & Technology (2000), 85(1-2), 111-120

The impact of a high level of rapeseed meal in the diet on the concentration of antinutritional factors in plasma and organs was studied in 66 Texel, Suffolk or crossbred lambs. From 1 month of age till ... [more ▼]

The impact of a high level of rapeseed meal in the diet on the concentration of antinutritional factors in plasma and organs was studied in 66 Texel, Suffolk or crossbred lambs. From 1 month of age till slaughter (132+/-21 days), they were fed ad libitum with concentrates containing 0% or 25% of rapeseed meal obtained either Samourai or Honk rapeseed varieties. Lambs were weaned at 88+/-8 days of age and 24+/-5 kg live weight. Blood and organ samples were taken fortnightly for the determination of antinutritional factors. In plasma and organs, the thiocyanate concentrations were systematically higher in the Samourai and Honk lots than in the control. After weaning, the SCN- concentration in plasma increased up to 490 mu mol l(-1) in the Samourai lot. The goitrogen 5-vinyl-1,3-oxazolidine-2-thione (5-VOT) was determined in muscle, organs (thyroid, liver, kidney and lung) and biological fluid (plasma). The 5-VOT was present only after the ingestion of rapeseed meal but not to the same extent for the two varieties. The Honk rapeseed meal induced a 5-VOT level significantly (p<0.05) higher in the target organs such as lung and thyroid than Samourai. Very low levels were found in muscle, liver, kidney, plasma and lung. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. [less ▲]

SYNTHESIS AND PURIFICATION OF 36 AROMATIC CHOLINE ESTERS AS STANDARDS

Poster (1999)

Natural aromatic choline esters occurring in seeds of Brassicaceae are determined, after extraction with a mixture of methanol and acetic acid 0.01N (70/30), by high performance liquid chromatography. So ... [more ▼]

Natural aromatic choline esters occurring in seeds of Brassicaceae are determined, after extraction with a mixture of methanol and acetic acid 0.01N (70/30), by high performance liquid chromatography. So, from a qualitative and a quantitative point of view, it is very useful to have in the laboratory pure standards for confirm retention times, response factors and for the constitution of u.v., infra-red or mass spectra libraries. As choline esters are not available by a commercial way, we decided to synthesise different aromatic choline esters (36). The structure of the acidic part of all the choline esters prepared are derived from benzoic or cinnamic acids with hydroxy or methoxy substituants in ortho, para or meta position. Pure aromatic choline esters were synthesised according to a fast method using bromocholine bromide. An aromatic acid (in excess) in methanol is first neutralised by NaOH (0.1 N). Then bromocholine bromide in methanol is added in the evaporation flask. Solvent is evaporated to dryness using a rotative evaporator Büchi (40°C). The flask containing the dried mixture is placed in an oven (107°C) during 5 hours, avoiding carbonisation. The choline ester is taken up with 2 x 3 ml of distilled water and purified on a SP Sephadex C25-120 resin. After washing with distilled water, the ester is eluted HCl (1N). The elution is followed by measuring u.v. absorbance at 280 nm. The eluate is evaporated to dryness with a rotative evaporator (Büchi) and the crystals obtained are washed with acetone. The purity obtained for all the choline esters produced was close to 98% and total amount between 5 to 100 mg. An u.v. spectra library of each aromatic choline esters has been constituted for rapid identification when a diode array detector is coupled with the HPLC. [less ▲]

CORRELATION BETWEEN BREAKDOWN PRODUCTS OF GLUCOSINOLATES AND THE AMOUNT OF RAPESEED MEAL INTRODUCED IN THE DIETS OF 80 LAMBS AND 32 BULLS. EVOLUTIONOF 5-VINYL-1,3-OXAZOLIDINE-2-THIONE (5-VOT) AND THIOCYANATE IONS IN BIOLOGICAL FLUIDS AND ORGANS

Conference (1999)

A large-scale experimentation has been conducted in Belgium since 4 years in order to study the influence of antinutritional rapeseed factors and their degradation products in ruminants. Animals have been ... [more ▼]

A large-scale experimentation has been conducted in Belgium since 4 years in order to study the influence of antinutritional rapeseed factors and their degradation products in ruminants. Animals have been fed with iso-energetic, isolipidic and isoproteic diets containing various proportions of industrial rapeseed meal (lambs: 0% to 40%; bulls: 0% to 34%). The trials and the study of zootechnical, physiological, histological aspects were co-ordinated by the University of Namur. The University of Gembloux was concerned by chemical aspects (analysis of glucosinolates, aromatic choline esters and their respective degradation products such as 5-vinyl-1,3-oxazolidine-2-thione, nitriles, isothiocyanates, thiocyanate ions and trimethylamine). In this presentation we would like to point out the results concerning the evolution of the SCN- ions concentration in plasma, the correlation between the proportions of rapeseed meal in the diets of growing-fattening ruminants and SCN- ions, and 5-VOT content in muscle, some organs (thyroid, kidney, liver and lung), plasma and urine. Correlations (for lambs and for bulls) have been established between thiocyanate ions concentration and the percentage of rapeseed meal in the diets. SCN- ions were specially accumulated in kidney and lung although the 5-VOT is observed in high concentration in thyroid. [less ▲]

OPTIMIZATION OF RAPESEED MEAL USE FOR FATTENING BULLS

Poster (1999)

Two experiments were conducted in order to optimize the incorporation of rapeseed meal (RPM) in diets for growing and fattening of bulls. In a first experiment, the effects of 20% of a low glucosinolate ... [more ▼]

Two experiments were conducted in order to optimize the incorporation of rapeseed meal (RPM) in diets for growing and fattening of bulls. In a first experiment, the effects of 20% of a low glucosinolate (LG) RPM (3.14 mmoles/g DM of concentrate) were studied. In a second experiment, various proportions (0, 10, 20, 34%) of an LG- industrial RPM were tested in order to determine the optimal level in diet of young bulls. Thirty six young Belgian White Blue bulls were used. In the two experiments, large amount of industrial RPM (20 - 34%) did not reduce animal performance whatever the parameter considered (liveweight, daily weight gains, food intake, feed conversion, carcass weight, dressing percentages). Values did not also vary with the level of LG-RPM in the diet. Any effects were observed on the thyroid weight and the size of thyroid follicles. The secretion of thyroid hormones was not affected by RPM except for a decrease (P < 0.05) in the production of thyroxin by thyroid tissue decreased (P < 0.05) with 34% in the diet in Experiment 2. Results concerning plasma testosterone and cortisol contrasted between the two experiments with negative effects or no influence of LG-RPM. It was concluded that levels 20 ≤ A < 34% of double 00 – RPM in diet may be used for fattening bulls but investigations are still needed to outline the long-term effects on steroids and reproductive performance [less ▲]