IMPROVING GENOMIC PREDICTION BY EUROGENOMICS COLLABORATION

in Proceedings of the 9th World Congress on Genetics Applied to Livestock Production (2010)

SHIP2 controls PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 and PKB activity in response to oxidative stress

in Cellular Signalling (2007), 19

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are known to be involved in redox signalling pathways that may contribute to normal cell function as well as disease progression. The tumour suppressor PTEN and the inositol ... [more ▼]

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are known to be involved in redox signalling pathways that may contribute to normal cell function as well as disease progression. The tumour suppressor PTEN and the inositol 5-phosphatase SHIP2 are critical enzymes in the control of PtdIns(3,4,5)P(3) level. It has been reported that oxidants, including those produced in cells such as macrophages, can activate downstream signalling via the inactivation of PTEN. The present study evaluates the potential impact of SHIP2 on phosphoinositides in cells exposed to sodium peroxide. We used a model of SHIP2 deficient mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) stimulated by H(2)O(2): at 15 min, PtdIns(3,4,5)P(3) was markedly increased in SHIP2 -/- cells as compared to +/+ cells. In contrast, no significant increase in PtdIns(3,4)P(2) could be detected at 15 or 120 min incubation of the cells with H(2)O(2) (0.6 mM). PKB activity was also upregulated in SHIP2 -/- cells as compared to +/+ cells in response to H(2)O(2). SHIP2 add back experiments in SHIP2 -/- cells confirm its critical role as a lipid phosphatase in the control of PtdIns(3,4,5)P(3) level in response to H(2)O(2). We conclude that SHIP2 lipid phosphatase activity plays an important role in the metabolism PtdIns(3,4,5)P(3) which is demonstrated in oxygen stressed cells [less ▲]

Modelling chemo-hydro-mechanical behaviour of unsaturated clays: a feasibility study

in International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics (2005), 29(9), 919-940

Effective capabilities of combined chemo-elasto-plastic and unsaturated soil models to simulate chemohydro-mechanical (CHM) behaviour of clays are examined in numerical simulations through selected ... [more ▼]

Effective capabilities of combined chemo-elasto-plastic and unsaturated soil models to simulate chemohydro-mechanical (CHM) behaviour of clays are examined in numerical simulations through selected boundary value problems. The objective is to investigate the feasibility of approaching such complex material behaviour numerically by combining two existing models. The chemo-mechanical effects are described using the concept of chemical softening consisting of reduction of the pre-consolidation pressure proposed originally by Hueckel (Can. Geotech. J. 1992; 29:1071-1086; Int. J. Numer. Anal. Methods Geomech. 1997; 21:43-72). An additional chemical softening mechanism is considered, consisting in a decrease of cohesion with an increase in contaminant concentration. The influence of partial saturation on the constitutive behaviour is modelled following Barcelona basic model (BBM) formulation (Geotech. 1990; 40(3):405-430; Can. Geotech. J. 1992; 29:1013-1032). The equilibrium equations combined with the CHM constitutive relations, and the governing equations for flow of fluids and contaminant transport, are solved numerically using finite element. The emphasis is laid on understanding the role that the individual chemical effects such as chemo-elastic swelling, or chemo-plastic consolidation, or finally, chemical loss of cohesion have in the overall response of the soil mass. The numerical problems analysed concern the chemical effects in response to wetting of a clay specimen with an organic liquid in rigid wall consolidometer, during biaxial loading up to failure, and in response to fresh water influx during tunnel excavation in swelling clay. Copyright (c) 2005 John Wiley [less ▲]