Le ProtiWanze®, une alternative économique aux tourteaux de soja et de colza dans l’alimentation des vaches laitières?

Article for general public (2012)

To verify whether introducing Protiwanze® (PW) in dairy cattle diet was economically valuable, 4 herds (N cows: 87± 13) have been followed up for 2 years (2011 and 2012). They received successively two ... [more ▼]

To verify whether introducing Protiwanze® (PW) in dairy cattle diet was economically valuable, 4 herds (N cows: 87± 13) have been followed up for 2 years (2011 and 2012). They received successively two diets differing in PW content for 4 weeks, including a 7-day transition: 10% and 15% for Herd 1,2, and 3 while Herd 1 received 0 and 10% on a dry matter basis. Both concentrations were distributed alternatively and repeated twice, each cow being its own control. Rations were formulated to meet energy and nitrogen requirements. During each testing period, animals were scored (Body Condition, Rumen Fill, Fecal Consistency, Undigested Fraction) according to Zaaier (2001) and their milk production and composition determined by the Dairy Herd Improvement. Ruminal juices were sampled on 5 cows and checked for subacute ruminal acidosis. Reproduction performance was analyzed. Introducing PW in dairy cows diet did not change milk production, reproduction performance nor induce subacute ruminal acidosis. Economically, it decreased feeding costs but this advantage was lower in 2012 as protein content of Protiwanze was reduced while its price increased. [less ▲]

DOES INCREASING LEVEL OF CONDENSED DISTILLERS SOLUBLES (PROTIWANZE®) SUPPLEMENTATION AFFECT MILK PRODUCTION IN DAIRY CATTLE ?

Poster (2011, September 08)

INTRODUCTION The objective of this study was to evaluate whether introducing the condensed distillers solubles Protiwanze® (PW) at different concentrations in dairy cows diet induces changes in milk ... [more ▼]

INTRODUCTION The objective of this study was to evaluate whether introducing the condensed distillers solubles Protiwanze® (PW) at different concentrations in dairy cows diet induces changes in milk production. MATERIAL AND METHODS Three herds (72 Holstein and 25 Brown Swiss, DIM = 101 ± 57; daily milk production = 34.90 ± 8.40 L) received successively two RTM differing in PW content for 4 weeks, including a 7-day transition: 0% and 10% on a dry matter basis for Herd 1 and 10% and 15% for Herd 2 and 3. Both concentrations were distributed alternatively and repeated twice, each cow being its own control. Rations were formulated to meet energy and nitrogen requirements. During each testing period, animals were scored (Body Condition, Rumen Fill, Fecal Consistency, Undigested Fraction according to Zaaier (2001)) and their milk production and composition were measured by the Dairy Herd Improvement. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Increasing the level of PW did not significantly change milk production in any Herd: Values were for Herd 1 at PW0%: 33.08 ± 0.76 L, at 10%: 31.66 ± 0.68 L, for Herd 2 at PW10%: 32.85 ± 0.93 L and at 15%: 32.37 ± 0.89, for Herd 3 at PW10%: 28.71 ± 1.21 L and at 15%: 31.80 ± 1.16. In Herd 1, milk urea decreased from 243.80 ± 4.55 mg/L for PW0% to 218.05 ± 4.03 mg/L for PW10%, (p<0.01), while fat percentage increased from 3.38% ± 0.09 (PW0%) to 3.77% ± 0.08 (PW10%) (p<0.01). Concerning scores, unconclusive changes were observed. Although increasing level of PW in dairy cows diet did not change milk production or composition, it is profitable since PW is 30-40% cheaper than other protein supplements like soya and canola meals. Moreover, it allowed to lower milk cost price by 1,5 eurocent per liter, when used at higher concentration. [less ▲]

Biomarqueurs et bioindicateurs chez les vertébrés : importance pour l’évaluation de la santé d’un écosystème

in Annales de Médecine Vétérinaire (1997), 141

Relationship between Parathion and Paraoxon Toxicokinetics, Lung Metabolic Activity, and Cholinesterase Inhibition in Guinea Pig and Rabbit Lungs

in Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (1996), 138(2), 201-210

Kinetic parameters of parathion and paraoxon uptake were determined in isolated and perfused rabbit and guinea pig lungs. They were related to organophosphate-induced lung cholinesterase inhibition. A ... [more ▼]

Kinetic parameters of parathion and paraoxon uptake were determined in isolated and perfused rabbit and guinea pig lungs. They were related to organophosphate-induced lung cholinesterase inhibition. A single pass procedure was used to perfuse the lungs with an artificial medium perfusate containing paraoxon or parathion. The paraoxon and parathion concentrations were determined in the effluents collected at chosen intervals over an 18-min period beginning at the start of perfusion. Three inflowing concentrations (1 nmol/ml, 10 nmol/ml, and 20 nmol/ml) were tested in guinea pig lungs and one (10 nmol/ml) in rabbit lungs. Cholinesterase activity was determined at time 0 and at the end of the experiment. The lungs abundantly extracted paraoxon and parathion over the perfusion period. The extraction ratio was consistently greater in guinea pig than in rabbit lungs. The uptake velocity varied biexponentially in time, suggesting the existence of two compartments. Initial uptake velocities (A, B) and slopes (alpha and beta) were calculated for both compartments. In guinea pigs, A, B and A + B increased proportionally to the supply rate of paraoxon and parathion while a and b remained constant. No significant difference was observed between parathion and paraoxon uptake kinetics. Parameter B was the only one to differ significantly between the two species (rabbits: 8.19 +/- 1.53 for parathion and 6.85 +/- 1.26 for paraoxon; guinea pigs: 12.75 +/- 0.88 for parathion and 15.02 +/- 3.84 for paraoxon). In the lungs of both species, there was a linear relation between y, the percentage of cholinesterase inhibition induced by either organophosphate, and X, the total amount of drug taken up by the lung tissue (in nmol/g/18 min). The following equations were obtained: y = 0.128 x + 0.979 (R2 = 0.89, p < 0.001 for paraoxon); y = 0.120 x - 6.57 (R2 = 0.82, p < 0.005 for parathion). No difference was observed between the two organophosphates. After treatment with the cytochrome P450 inhibitor piperonyl butoxide, the above relations ceased to apply, but this treatment did not influence the kinetics of paraoxon and parathion uptake. The IC50 value calculated for paraoxon, i.e., the paraoxon concentration required to produce 50% inhibition of lung cholinesterase activity, was similar for guinea pigs (2.22 10(-7) +/- 0.22 M) and rabbits (2.36 10(-7) +/- 0.24 M). In conclusion, the biexponential evolution of the velocity of paraoxon and parathion uptake by the lungs thus demonstrates the presence of two pools. The lower extraction ratios calculated for rabbit lungs reflect the lower initial uptake velocity of the second compartment. In the range of concentrations investigated in guinea pigs, no saturable mechanism could be demonstrated for paraoxon and parathion. Cytochrome P450-related lung metabolic activity, through which parathion is converted to paraoxon, appears as a major step in parathion-induced lung cholinesterase inhibition, although it does not appear to affect parathion toxicokinetics [less ▲]