Showing results 1 to 20 of 28
  Inhibitory control of memory in normal ageing: Dissociation between impaired intentional and preserved unintentional processes.Collette, Fabienne  ; Germain, Sophie ; et alin Memory (2009), 17(1), 104-122 The aim of this study was to compare the performance of elderly and young participants on a series of memory tasks involving either intentional or unintentional inhibitory control of memory content ... [more ▼] The aim of this study was to compare the performance of elderly and young participants on a series of memory tasks involving either intentional or unintentional inhibitory control of memory content. Intentional inhibition processes in working and episodic memory were explored with directed forgetting tasks and in semantic memory with the Hayling task. Unintentional inhibitory processes in working memory, long-term memory, and semantic memory were explored with an interference resolution task, the retrieval practice paradigm, and the flanker task, respectively. The results indicate that elderly participants' performance on the two directed forgetting tasks and the Hayling task is lower than that of young ones, and that this impairment is not related to their initial memory capacity. This suggests that there is a specific dysfunction affecting intentional inhibitory control of memory contents in normal ageing. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 85 (12 ULg)Influence des processus attentionnels sur le fonctionnement exécutif lors du vieillissement normalCollette, Fabienne ; Conference (2008, September 04) Detailed reference viewed: 7 (0 ULg)Owl or lark? Stroop-related cerebral activity is modulated by time of day and chronotype; Collette, Fabienne ; et alin Journal of Sleep Research (2008), 17(Suppl. 1), Detailed reference viewed: 11 (1 ULg)Directed forgetting and aging: the role of retrieval processes, processing speed, and proactive interference.; Adam, Stéphane ; Collette, Fabienne in Neuropsychology, Development, and Cognition. Section B, Aging, Neuropsychology and Cognition (2008), 15(4), 471-91 The directed forgetting effect obtained with the item method is supposed to depend on both selective rehearsal of to-be-remembered (TBR) items and attentional inhibition of to-be-forgotten (TBF) items. In ... [more ▼] The directed forgetting effect obtained with the item method is supposed to depend on both selective rehearsal of to-be-remembered (TBR) items and attentional inhibition of to-be-forgotten (TBF) items. In this study, we investigated the locus of the directed forgetting deficit in older adults by exploring the influence of recollection and familiarity-based retrieval processes on age-related differences in directed forgetting. Moreover, we explored the influence of processing speed, short-term memory capacity, thought suppression tendencies, and sensitivity to proactive interference on performance. The results indicated that older adults' directed forgetting difficulties are due to decreased recollection of TBR items, associated with increased automatic retrieval of TBF items. Moreover, processing speed and proactive interference appeared to be responsible for the decreased recall of TBR items. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 72 (13 ULg) Interference and negative priming in normal aging and in mild Alzheimer’s disease; Salmon, Eric ; Collette, Fabienne in Psychologica Belgica (2008), 48(1), 1-23 Most studies that have administered interference and negative priming tasks to patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and healthy elderly subjects have demonstrated inhibitory dysfunction in AD patients ... [more ▼] Most studies that have administered interference and negative priming tasks to patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and healthy elderly subjects have demonstrated inhibitory dysfunction in AD patients, and mixed results in the elderly. In the present study, we re-explored these two effects in these populations by administering two tasks that allow assessing interference and negative priming effects. Results on both tasks showed (1) the presence of an interference effect in AD and elderly adults, that can be explained by cognitive slowing in the case of elderly controls; (2) the preservation of negative priming abilities in the two groups. These surprising results for AD patients were interpreted by proposing that AD patients have a preserved ability to suppress the representation of a distracter, but specific inhibitory deficits when they have to resolve a selection conflict at the stage of response production (i.e. when competing stimuli have been fully processed). [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 30 (4 ULg)Retrieval induced forgetting in normal aging; Adam, Stéphane ; Collette, Fabienne in Journal of Neuropsychology (2008), 2 The retrieval-induced forgetting (RIF) paradigm was used to assess the integrity of unintentional inhibitory functioning in normal aging. The paradigm was adapted to explore the RIF effect under ... [more ▼] The retrieval-induced forgetting (RIF) paradigm was used to assess the integrity of unintentional inhibitory functioning in normal aging. The paradigm was adapted to explore the RIF effect under conditions that allow us to differentiate the contribution of intentional and automatic retrieval processes to performance. The results showed the presence of equivalent and significant RIF effects in young and older adults, for both the controlled and automatic retrieval performance. These results suggest that unintentional inhibitory processes are spared in normal aging, and confirm that RIF effect is independent of the kind of memory processes needed to perform the task. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 82 (6 ULg)Comparison of inhibitory functioning in mild Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal dementiaCollette, Fabienne ; ; Adam, Stéphane et alin Cortex : A Journal Devoted to the Study of the Nervous System & Behavior (2007), 43(7), 866-874 Executive dysfunction is frequently reported in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and the frontal variant of frontotemporal dementia (FTD). More specifically, inhibitory dysfunction is observed early in AD and ... [more ▼] Executive dysfunction is frequently reported in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and the frontal variant of frontotemporal dementia (FTD). More specifically, inhibitory dysfunction is observed early in AD and inhibitory deficits are also prominent in patients with FTD. However, few studies have simultaneously explored and compared inhibitory abilities in both degenerative diseases. Consequently, the aim of this study was to compare verbal and motor inhibitory processes in the initial stages of AD and the frontal variant of FTD. Stroop and Go/No-go tasks were administered. The results demonstrate that, on the Go/No-go task, AD and FTD patients do not produce more errors than control subjects. However, both groups are impaired on the Stroop task (mainly with regard to the error score) but do not differ from each other. These results indicate that AD and FTD patients do not present a general impairment of their inhibitory abilities. Moreover, these two kinds of dementia present similar quantitative and qualitative inhibitory impairments on the two tasks, although their patterns of structural and functional cerebral impairments are known to be different. The presence of similar inhibitory deficits despite very different patterns of brain damage is in agreement with the hypothesis that inhibitory dysfunction in the two groups of patients depends on a disconnection process between anterior and posterior cerebral areas, rather than on the presence of focal metabolism decreases in different regions. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 93 (9 ULg)Exploration of the neuronal substrates of Directed Forgetting with fMRI.Feyers, Dorothée ; ; Salmon, Eric et alConference (2007, June 26) Detailed reference viewed: 3 (2 ULg)Exploration of the neuronal substrates of Directed Forgetting with fMRIFeyers, Dorothée ; ; Salmon, Eric et alConference (2007, June 01) Detailed reference viewed: 5 (4 ULg)Social mind representation: Where does it fail in frontotemporal dementia?; Schmidt, Christina ; et alin Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience (2007), 19(4), 671-683 We aimed at investigating social disability and its cerebral correlates in frontotemporal dementia (FTD). To do so, we contrasted answers of patients with early-stage FTD and of their relatives on ... [more ▼] We aimed at investigating social disability and its cerebral correlates in frontotemporal dementia (FTD). To do so, we contrasted answers of patients with early-stage FTD and of their relatives on personality trait judgment and on behavior prediction in social and emotional situations. Such contrasts were compared to control contrasts calculated with answers of matched controls tested with their relatives. in addition, brain metabolism was measured in patients with positron emission tomography and the [F-18]fluorodeoxyglucose method. Patients turned out to be as accurate as controls in describing their relative's personality, but they failed to predict their relative's behavior in social and emotional circumstances. Concerning the self, patients were impaired both in Current personality assessment and in prediction of their own behavior. Those two self-evaluation measures did not correlate. Only patients' anosognosia for social behavioral disability was found to be related to decreased metabolic activity in the left temporal pole. Such results suggest that anosognosia for social disability in FTD originates in impaired processing of emotional autobiographical information, leading to a self-representation that does not match current behavior. Moreover, we propose that perspective-taking disability participates in anosognosia, preventing patients from correcting their inaccurate self-representation based on their relative's perspective. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 47 (13 ULg)Unité et diversité des fonctions exécutives: rôle des processus attentionnels; Pérée, Francis ; Collette, Fabienne Conference (2007) Detailed reference viewed: 8 (0 ULg)Mémoire de travail et vieillissement normal.Collette, Fabienne ; ; et alin Aubin, Ghislaine; Coyette, Françoise; Pradat-Diehl, Pascale (Eds.) et al Neuropsychologie de la mémoire de travail (2007) Detailed reference viewed: 375 (17 ULg)Effet du vieillissement normal sur le fonctionnement inhibiteur en mémoire de travail, mémoire épisodique et mémoire sémantiqueCollette, Fabienne ; Germain, Sophie ; Adam, Stéphane et alConference (2006, September 12) Detailed reference viewed: 5 (0 ULg)Effects of normal aging on inhibitory processes in the domains of working memory, episodic memory and semantic memoryCollette, Fabienne ; Germain, Sophie ; Adam, Stéphane et alConference (2006, July 19) Detailed reference viewed: 7 (2 ULg)The role of selective rehearsal and attentional inhibition in directed forgettingFeyers, Dorothée ; ; Collette, Fabienne Poster (2006, May 19) The directed forgetting paradigm has been extensively used to assess how subjects intentionally limit the future expression of specific memory content. In the item method, subjects are given a list of ... [more ▼] The directed forgetting paradigm has been extensively used to assess how subjects intentionally limit the future expression of specific memory content. In the item method, subjects are given a list of words with the instruction to remember every item followed by a “remember” cue (to-be-remembered items or TBR) and to forget items followed by a “forget” cue (to-be-forgotten items or TBF). Typically, TBR items are better recalled or recognized than TBF items when subjects are subsequently tested on all presented words, regardless of study instructions. However, it is currently not clear if this directed forgetting effect is due to a selective rehearsal of TBR items or to an attentional inhibition of TBF items. In the present study, the performance of two groups of subjects that performed a directed forgetting task with or without articulatory suppression was compared. Indeed, if selective rehearsal is responsible of the directed forgetting effect, the effect should disappear when subjects are not allowed to rehearse TBR items because of the articulatory suppression instruction. Results showed an equivalent directed forgetting effect between the two groups on a recognition task. These results suggest that selective rehearsal is not the major determinant of the directed forgetting effect. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 2 (1 ULg)Exploration of the neural substrates of executive functioning by functional neuroimagingCollette, Fabienne ; ; Salmon, Eric et alin Neuroscience (2006), 139(1), 209-221 This review presents neuroimaging studies that have explored the cerebral substrates of executive functioning. These studies have demonstrated that different executive functions not only recruit various ... [more ▼] This review presents neuroimaging studies that have explored the cerebral substrates of executive functioning. These studies have demonstrated that different executive functions not only recruit various frontal areas but also depend upon posterior (mainly parietal) regions. These results are in accordance with the hypothesis that executive functioning relies on a distributed cerebral network that is not restricted to anterior cerebral areas. However, there exists an important heterogeneity in the cerebral areas associated with these different processes, and also between different tasks assessing the same process. Since these discrepant results could be due to the paradigms used (subtraction designs), recent results obtained with conjunction and interaction analyses are presented, which confirm the role of parietal areas in executive functioning and also demonstrate the existence of some specificity in the neural substrates of the executive processes of updating, shifting and inhibition. Finally, functional magnetic resonance imaging studies show that the activity in cerebral areas involved in executive tasks can be transient or sustained. Consequently, to better characterize the functional role of areas associated with executive functioning, it is important to take into account not only the localization of cerebral activity but also the temporal pattern of this activity. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 21 (4 ULg)Effect of parental socio-educational level on memory and attentional measures in childrenCatale, Corinne ; ; Meulemans, Thierry in Book of Abstracts: Annual Meeting of the Belgian Association for Psychological Science (2006) In developmental neuropsychology, information about the influence of educational variables on executive and memory development is limited. This is particularly surprising when considering the adult ... [more ▼] In developmental neuropsychology, information about the influence of educational variables on executive and memory development is limited. This is particularly surprising when considering the adult literature regarding the social and cultural effects on cognitive performances, which provide evidence that groups with higher levels of education achieve better on most neuropsychological tests (Ostrosky, Ardila, & Rosselli, 1999). The aim of this study was to analyze the relation between parents’ educational level and executive, attentional, memory and intellectual measures. Memory tasks (working and episodic memory), executive (inhibition and switching), attentional (alertness and selective attentional task) and intellectual tasks (verbal and non verbal subtests of WISC-III) were individually administered to 96 children divided according to 2 variables: age (6 and 10 years old) and parent’s educational level (University, High School and Elementary Education). Results showed an expected significant association between age and performance on all cognitive tasks. There was also a significant effect of parents’ educational level on most verbal tasks performed by children (including memory and verbal intellectual subtests) but also on various executive and attentional tasks (alertness, switching and inhibition tasks). Results confirmed that educational variables significantly influence children cognitive performances and not for only intelligence and verbal tasks, and emphasizes the need of further studies to specify the influence of education on the development of cognition. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 6 (0 ULg)La BREFA, Batterie Rapide d’Evaluation des Fonctions Attentionnelles chez l’enfant : données préliminaires.Catale, Corinne ; ; Meulemans, Thierry Poster (2006) En neuropsychologie de l’enfant, les troubles attentionnels et exécutifs sont rapportés dans un grand nombre de pathologies développementales (autisme, trouble de l’attention avec hyperactivité… ; voir ... [more ▼] En neuropsychologie de l’enfant, les troubles attentionnels et exécutifs sont rapportés dans un grand nombre de pathologies développementales (autisme, trouble de l’attention avec hyperactivité… ; voir Pennington & Ozonoff, 1996) et de pathologies acquises (par exemple, le traumatisme crânien [TC]). Et pourtant, le neuropsychologue se trouve encore souvent démuni pour l’évaluation clinique et psychométrique des fonctions attentionnelles et exécutives chez l’enfant. Les quelques épreuves disponibles sont pour la plupart issues de la neuropsychologie de l’adulte et sont de ce fait peu adaptées à l’enfant. Outre le manque d’attractivité qui les caractérise, ces épreuves sont souvent peu pertinentes dans une perspective développementale, en particulier parce qu’elles ne peuvent être administrées que si l’enfant a déjà acquis, au préalable, certaines habiletés cognitives (par exemple, la lecture pour l’épreuve du Stroop ou la connaissance de la chaîne alphabétique pour le Trail Making Test). L’objectif du présent travail consiste à développer une batterie d’évaluation du fonctionnement attentionnel et exécutif (BREFA) adaptée à l’enfant et qui prend en considération les écueils théoriques et cliniques évoqués ci-dessus. Basée sur le modèle de Posner et Petersen (1990), cette batterie a été administrée à 109 enfants âgés de 5 à 11 ans sans antécédents neurologiques. Les épreuves incluses dans la batterie se veulent attractives pour l’enfant (stimuli colorés et familiers) et permettent d’évaluer les capacités d’attention sélective, d’attention soutenue, de flexibilité et d’inhibition cognitive. Des analyses de variance ont été réalisées pour chaque épreuve, avec le groupe d’âge (5 ans - 6 ans - 7 ans - 8 ans - 9 ans - 10 ans - 11 ans) comme variable indépendante. Outre un effet développemental pour l’ensemble des épreuves administrées (p < .001), les analyses post-hoc montrent une amélioration des performances particulièrement marquée pour la tranche 5-8 ans aux épreuves d’inhibition et de flexibilité (p < .05), résultat compatible avec les données issues la littérature (Klenberg, Korkman, & Lahti-Nuutila, 2001). Par ailleurs, des données préliminaires obtenues auprès d’un groupe de 10 enfants atteints d’un TC léger suggèrent que les épreuves de flexibilité et d’inhibition proposées dans la BREFA sont sensibles aux difficultés attentionnelles et exécutives que peuvent présenter ces enfants. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 40 (1 ULg)EXploration des processus inhibiteurs dans le vieillissement normal et la maladie d'AlzheimerCollette, Fabienne ; Adam, Stéphane ; et alConference (2005, November) Detailed reference viewed: 19 (2 ULg)EXploration des processus inhibiteurs dans le vieillissement normal et la maladie d'AlzheimerCollette, Fabienne ; Adam, Stéphane ; et alin Revue Neurologique (2005), 161(12), 467 Detailed reference viewed: 17 (3 ULg)
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