A life-cycle assessment of injectable drug primary packaging : comparing the traditional process in glass vials with the new Closed Vial technology (polymer vials)

Poster (2010, February 01)

This study based on the life cycle assessment methodology compares environmental impacts of two packaging alternatives used for injectable drugs: the traditional method based on glass vials and the new ... [more ▼]

This study based on the life cycle assessment methodology compares environmental impacts of two packaging alternatives used for injectable drugs: the traditional method based on glass vials and the new method developed by Aseptic Technologies based on polymer vials. [less ▲]

A life-cycle assessment of injectable drug primary packaging : comparing the traditional process in glass vials with the new Closed Vial technology (polymer vials)

in Programme book : SETAC EUrope 16th LCA Case Studies Symposium : From simplified LCA to advanced LCA (2010, February)

This study based on the life cycle assessment methodology compares environmental impacts of two packaging alternatives used for injectable drugs: the traditional method based on glass vials and the new ... [more ▼]

This study based on the life cycle assessment methodology compares environmental impacts of two packaging alternatives used for injectable drugs: the traditional method based on glass vials and the new method developed by Aseptic Technologies based on polymer vials. [less ▲]

Morphology and properties of SAN-clay nanocomposites prepared principally by water-assisted extrusion

in Polymer Engineering & Science (2010), 50(1), 10-21

An efficient extrusion process involving the injection of water while processing was used to prepare poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) (SAN) / clay nanocomposites with a high degree of nanoclay delamination ... [more ▼]

An efficient extrusion process involving the injection of water while processing was used to prepare poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) (SAN) / clay nanocomposites with a high degree of nanoclay delamination. The usefulness of water-assisted extrusion is highlighted here, in comparison with classical extrusion and roll mill processes. Cloisite® 30B (C30B), a montmorillonite clay organomodified with alkylammonium cations bearing 2-hydroxyethyl chains, and pristine montmorillonite were melt blended with SAN (25wt% AN) in a semi-industrial scale extruder specially designed to allow water injection. XRD analysis, visual and TEM observations were used to evaluate the quality of clay dispersion. The relationship between the nanocomposite morphology and its mechanical and thermal properties was then investigated. The superiority of the SAN/C30B nanocomposite extruded with water has been evidenced by cone calorimetry tests and thermogravimetric measurements (TGA). These analyses showed a substantial improvement of the fire behavior and the thermal properties, while a 20% increase of the Young modulus was recorded. [less ▲]

Poly(caprolactone)/clay masterbatches prepared in supercritical CO2 as efficient clay delamination promoters in poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile)

in Journal of Materials Chemistry (2008), 18(39), 4623-4630

Poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) (SAN)/clay nanocomposites with a high degree of clay exfoliation were prepared upon melt blending of pre-exfoliated poly(-caprolactone) (PCL)/organoclay masterbatches in a ... [more ▼]

Poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) (SAN)/clay nanocomposites with a high degree of clay exfoliation were prepared upon melt blending of pre-exfoliated poly(-caprolactone) (PCL)/organoclay masterbatches in a Brabender-type internal mixer. These highly filled masterbatches were synthesized by a one-pot process using supercritical carbon dioxide as a polymerization medium. During their dispersion into SAN, PCL is expected to act as a compatibilizer at the polymer–clay interface as it is miscible with the host matrix under these conditions. Reference nanocomposites based on direct melt mixing of the commercial organoclay were also prepared for the sake of comparison. The superiority of the masterbatch route in term of clay delamination efficiency has been evidenced by XRD analysis, visual and TEM observations. The effect of the nanocomposite morphology on the polymer properties was then investigated. A substantial improvement of the fire behaviour and a decrease in gas permeability have been observed for the nanocomposite containing the highest level of clay exfoliation, accompanied with a higher brittleness as evidenced by traction and impact tests. [less ▲]

Beneficial effect of carbon nanotubes on the performances of Nafion membranes in fuel cell applications

in Journal of Membrane Science (2007), 303(1-2), 252-257

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were dispersed by melt-extrusion within Nafion(R) membranes in order to decrease the methanol permeability without deleterious effect on the ionic conductivity. The ... [more ▼]

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were dispersed by melt-extrusion within Nafion(R) membranes in order to decrease the methanol permeability without deleterious effect on the ionic conductivity. The risk of short-circuits was minimized by keeping the carbon nanotubes content lower than the percolation threshold. Two series of carbon nanotubes grafted by carboxylic acid groups were used, i.e., commercially available carbon nanotubes and MWCNTs home-grafted by carboxylic acid containing alkyl radicals. The second series of nanotubes were more resistant to break-up during melt-processing. Methanol permeability was decreased by approximately 60% without any decrease in the ionic conductivity. In parallel, the Young's modulus was increased by 140% and 160% as compared to pure Nafion(R) at MWCNT contents of 1 and 2 wt%, respectively. [less ▲]

Foams of polycaprolactone/MWNT nanocomposites for efficient EMI shielding

Conference (2007, August 27)

Contribution of nanoclays to the barrier properties of a model proton exchange membrane for fuel cell application

in Journal of Membrane Science (2006), 270(1-2), 50-56

Direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) that use a proton exchange membrane (PEM) as electrolyte, is a promising alternative source of energy for the future. However, methanol crossover from the anodic side to ... [more ▼]

Direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) that use a proton exchange membrane (PEM) as electrolyte, is a promising alternative source of energy for the future. However, methanol crossover from the anodic side to the cathodic one is a major problem in DMFC. Proper dispersion of layered silicates within the fuel cell membrane has been proposed as a strategy for improving the barrier properties of the membrane. The validity of this approach has been tested in case of a model membrane consisting of phosphotungstic acid doped poly(vinyl alcohol). A solvent casting technique has been used, which allows the nanofiller to be delaminated by an ultrasonic pre-treatment, as confirmed by TEM and XRD analysis. The layered silicates have a favourable impact on the methanol permeability, whose the decrease overcompensates some loss in ionic conductivity. [less ▲]

X-ray microtomography coupled with image analysis: a useful tool or 3D characterization of polymer foams

Conference (2005, October)

Impact of acid containing montmorillonite on the properties of sulfonated fuel cell membranes

Poster (2005, May 11)

Nafion layered-silicate nanocomposite membrane for fuel cell application

Poster (2003, May 16)