Myeloperoxidase activity decreases in equine semen freezing extenders

in Amir, Arav (Ed.) Proceedings of the 3rd Cryo Congress (2013, March 23)

Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a pro-oxidant enzyme contained in and released by neutrophils, and associated with decreased post-thaw motility of equine semen. This study aimed to compare MPO activity in pure ... [more ▼]

Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a pro-oxidant enzyme contained in and released by neutrophils, and associated with decreased post-thaw motility of equine semen. This study aimed to compare MPO activity in pure equine freezing extender, raw and post-thaw semen. Active MPO Concentration (AMC) was measured with Specific Immunologic Extraction Followed by Enzymatic Detection in 20 ejaculates. Raw semen intra cellular AMC was determined in the supernatant after membrane lysis, each pellet containing 100x106 spermatozoa. AMC was also assayed in supernatants of semen frozen following a conventional method using INRA FreezeTM (IMV, France). Effect of freezing procedure on AMC was tested by experimentally adding 500ng of purified active MPO (Calbiochem, Germany) in 4 samples either with 5ml of PBS or INRA FreezeTM before assay. AMC was higher in sperm-rich pellet (0.306ng/ml) than in post-thaw semen (0.002ng/ml) (p=0.058). After experimental MPO addition, no activity variation was observed during the freezing procedure (after dilution, 1, 2 hours of cooling and post-thawing) within the same medium. Purified MPO activity was decreased in INRA FreezeTM when compared to PBS at all timings of sampling (p=0.0286). When all samples were pooled, remaining activity in INRA FreezeTM was 23.93±13.13%. MPO fixation on large proteins contained in the extender experimentally reduces AMC, as previously observed in plasma. However, AMC decrease observed during semen freezing is more important than after experimental addition. That could be explained by a MPO interaction with seminal plasma, a partial MPO release or a MPO inactivation during equine semen freezing. [less ▲]

An in vitro whole blood model to test the effects of different stimuli conditions on the release of myeloperoxidase and elastase by equine neutrophils.

in Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology (2012), 150(3-4), 221-7

Horses are particularly sensitive and exposed to excessive inflammatory responses evolving toward an important stimulation of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs). The aim of this work was to stimulate ... [more ▼]

Horses are particularly sensitive and exposed to excessive inflammatory responses evolving toward an important stimulation of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs). The aim of this work was to stimulate equine neutrophils in whole blood and to evaluate their response by measuring the release of total and active myeloperoxidase (MPO) and total elastase, considered as markers of neutrophil stimulation and degranulation. Because of the critical importance of the concomitant presence of LPS and TNF-alpha in equine pathological situations, we combined these two natural mediators to stimulate PMN and compared the response with those obtained after the PMN stimulation with each mediator used alone and well-known artificial stimulation systems such as 12-phorbol 13-myristate acetate (PMA) and the combination of cytochalasin B (CB) and N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP). All the activation systems, PMA, CB/fMLP, TNF-alpha, LPS and LPS/TNF-alpha, induced a significant release of total MPO in whole blood but only the combinations CB/fMLP and LPS/TNF-alpha significantly favored the release of active MPO. Regarding the total elastase, we did not observe a significant release in all the stimulated conditions except with PMA. It appears clearly that the choice of the neutrophil stimulation model is fundamental for the selection of potentially active pharmacological agents, especially on MPO activity. [less ▲]

EFFECT OF MYELOPEROXIDASE ON MITOCHONDRIAL RESPIRATORY FUNCTION OF PERMEABILIZED PRIMARY EQUINE SKELETAL MYOBLASTS IN CULTURE.

Poster (2012, November)

Equine myeloperoxidase: A novel biomarker in synovial fluid for the diagnosis of infection.

in Equine Veterinary Journal (2012)

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Equine joint infection is a life-threatening disorder, and confirmation of the diagnosis can be difficult. Synovial fluid biomarkers may assist the discrimination between ... [more ▼]

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Equine joint infection is a life-threatening disorder, and confirmation of the diagnosis can be difficult. Synovial fluid biomarkers may assist the discrimination between infectious and noninfectious joint disease. OBJECTIVES: This study investigates whether the immunological detection of total and enzymatically active myeloperoxidase (MPO) assists the diagnosis of joint infection in horses. METHODS: The following 4 sample groups were included: healthy; osteochondritis dissecans (OCD); traumatic synovitis; and culture-confirmed infected joints. Synovial fluid was analysed for total MPO by a horse-specific sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and for active MPO using the specific immunological extraction followed by enzymatic detection (SIEFED) technique. Western blot analysis was performed to confirm the antibody specificity. RESULTS: Synovial fluid from infected joints contained significantly more total and active MPO than samples from healthy joints, joints affected by OCD and joints with traumatic synovitis. Cut-off values were set at 5000 and 350 ng/ml for total and active MPO, respectively, with fair sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values and likelihood ratios for infection. Correlation coefficients were reported between the total as well as the active MPO levels and the routine synovial fluid parameters, i.e. the white blood cell count, the neutrophil count and the total protein level. No correlation was observed between MPO and either the age of the horse or the joint affected. Western blotting confirmed the antibody specificity for equine MPO. CONCLUSIONS AND POTENTIAL RELEVANCE: Synovial fluid MPO was identified as a very promising biomarker to augment the discrimination of infectious vs. noninfectious joint disease in horses. Both ELISA and SIEFED techniques can be used for its specific and rapid detection. The analysis of synovial fluid MPO can be used as a complementary test to aid in the discrimination between infectious and noninfectious joint disease, especially when the white blood cell counts and the total protein level are inconclusive. [less ▲]

Does the new water-soluble form of curcumin(NDS27) inhibit the oxidant response of stimulated neutrophils and HL-60 cells?

Poster (2012, September 07)

Neutrophils (PMNs) are involved in host defense against infections through the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the release of an oxidant enzyme, myeloperoxidase (MPO), to kill pathologic ... [more ▼]

Neutrophils (PMNs) are involved in host defense against infections through the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the release of an oxidant enzyme, myeloperoxidase (MPO), to kill pathologic agents. But, an excessive stimulation of PMNs is associated with development of inflammatory diseases. Neutrophils are prime targets to control inflammatory events and the therapeutic use of polyphenols is proposed to lower oxidative stress. The aim of this work was to study antioxidant effect of NDS27, a water-soluble form of curcumin, on stimulated equine PMNs and human promyelocytic leukemia cells (HL-60) which are less differenciated. 2',7'-Dichlorofluorescin diacetate and lucigenin were used to measure ROS production by activated HL-60 cells or PMNs. NDS27 (10-6 to 10-4 M) was pre-incubated with cells and eliminated before their activation to study its intracellular effects on ROS production. The effect of NDS27 on MPO activity released by the cells was determined by SIEFED. Likewise, the ability of NDS27 to enter into the cells was checked by HPLC on the cellular extracts.NDS27 significantly and dose-dependently inhibited the ROS production in both cell types without affecting their viability. Its intracellular effect showed higher efficiency for PMNs while its interaction with HL-60 cells remained better. The activity of MPO released by PMNs and HL-60 cells was decreased by NDS27 with a more efficient effect for PMNs. Our findings suggest that the greater efficiency of NDS27 in mature PMNs is not due to a better membrane permeability or a better interaction between membrane and NDS27, but rather to an inhibitory effect on the ROS production by the more mature cells, probably by targeting the enzymes implied in respiratory burst like MPO and NADPH oxidase. The modulatory effect of NDS27 towards oxidant activity of cells involved in immune and inflammatory response opens therapeutic perspectives to control pathologies with excessive inflammatory reactions. [less ▲]

Possible intracellular effect of the new water-soluble form of curcumin (NDS27) on the oxidant response of stimulated neutrophils

Poster (2012, April 18)

Neutrophils (PMNs) are involved in host defense against infections through the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to kill pathologic agents. But, an excessive ROS production, called “oxidative ... [more ▼]

Neutrophils (PMNs) are involved in host defense against infections through the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to kill pathologic agents. But, an excessive ROS production, called “oxidative stress” is associated with tissue damages and development of chronic or acute inflammatory diseases. PMNs are prime therapeutic targets to control inflammatory events associated to ROS production. Nowadays, there is a growing interest for the use of polyphenolic molecules to modulate the inflammatory response. The aim of this work was to study the antioxidant effect of NDS27 (1), a new highly water-soluble form of the polyphenolic molecule curcumin, on in vitro stimulated equine PMNs. NDS27 (10-6 to 10-4 M) was pre-incubated with cells and eliminated before their activation. The ability of NDS27 to enter into the cells was checked by HPLC from the cellular extracts. The intracellular ROS production by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) stimulated PMNs was measured by fluorescence using 2’,7’-dichlorofluorescin diacetate. Lucigenin dependent chemiluminescence was used to measure extracellular ROS production. Additionally, the effect of NDS27 was tested on the activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO), a hemic enzyme contributing to the oxidant response of neutrophils. The activity of the released MPO by cytochalazine B (CB) and N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) stimulated PMNs was measured by SIEFED (“Specific Immunologic Extraction Followed by Enzymatic Detection”) (2). The HPLC results showed that NDS27 enters into PMNs and interacts with their membrane. NDS27 significantly and dose-dependently inhibited the ROS production in neutrophils without affecting their viability. Likewise, the activity of MPO released by PMNs was lowered by NDS27. Overall, our findings demonstrate that the membrane of neutrophils is permeable to NDS27 or interacts with the drug, suggesting that its inhibitory effect on ROS production is mainly associated to an intracellular effect probably by acting on the enzymes implied in respiratory burst like NADPH oxidase and MPO. The modulatory effect of NDS27 towards the oxidant activity of cells involved in immune and inflammatory response open therapeutic perspectives to control equine or human pathologies with excessive inflammatory reactions. 1. Neven et al. 2011, Patent Application Publication: US2011/0257126 A1 2. Serteyn et al. 2005, European Patent Specification : EP1711817 B1 [less ▲]

Myeloperoxidase in Equine Semen: Concentration and Localization during Freezing Processing

in Journal of Equine Veterinary Science (2012), (32), 32-37

Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a pro-oxidant enzyme contained in and released by neutro- phils during degranulation or after lysis. Post-thaw semen contains MPO, and concen- tration of this enzyme is associated ... [more ▼]

Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a pro-oxidant enzyme contained in and released by neutro- phils during degranulation or after lysis. Post-thaw semen contains MPO, and concen- tration of this enzyme is associated with decreased motility. The aim of this study was to determine kinetics of MPO concentration during freezing, its origin, and its impact on frozenethawed semen. Forty ejaculates were used. Semen was frozen using the classical freezing procedure. MPO concentrations were assayed in fresh semen, after centrifuga- tion, and after cooling down to 4 C. Post-thaw MPO assay results and spermogram characteristics were determined. MPO immunocytochemistry was performed on 4 different ejaculates at each step of freezing procedure. MPO concentration increased after cooling down to 4 C and thawing compared with fresh semen. As temperature decreased, MPO was higher or tended to be higher in post-thaw poor quality samples. Nonsperm cells showed various degrees of MPO immunostaining and were observed as epithelial cells with nuclear pyknosis and keratinization. MPO immunostaining increased in medium and decreased in nonsperm cells during freezing. Our study shows that MPO concentration in equine semen increases when temperature decreases. We hypothesize that nonsperm cells present in fresh semen could release MPO. [less ▲]

Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Ribes nigrum extracts.

in Food Chemistry (2012), 131(4), 1116-1122

Blackcurrant berries contain high amounts of flavonoids with various health benefits as anti-inflammatory properties attributed to their antioxidant potential. Leaves and buds actually used to produce ... [more ▼]

Blackcurrant berries contain high amounts of flavonoids with various health benefits as anti-inflammatory properties attributed to their antioxidant potential. Leaves and buds actually used to produce food supplement could also exhibit such interesting properties. <br />In the literature, various methods are often used and valid indicators of the antioxidant potential of dietary substances. However these assays do not provide evidence that antioxidants have in vivo or ex vivo activity when consumed. To obtain biologically relevant information, the antioxidant activities of the extracts were evaluated on cellular models implicating the measurement of blood haemolysis, the Cellular Antioxidant Activity on endothelial cells and the anti-inflammatory activities on isolated equine stimulated neutrophils and purified myeloperoxidase. <br />These tests generally showed that the blackcurrant leaf extract have the highest antioxidant and <br />anti-inflammatory (inhibition of MPO activity and ROS production on activated neutrophils) capacities correlated to the highest total phenolics content. [less ▲]

Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory like properties of benzoic acid analogs on the oxidant response of neutrophils: structure/redox potential relationship study.

in Free Radical Biology & Medicine (2012), 53(supplement 1),

We investigated the antioxidant capacity of phenolic acid derivatives by measuring their capacity to prevent ABTS oxidation and evaluating their anti-inflammatory like-properties on the oxidant response ... [more ▼]

We investigated the antioxidant capacity of phenolic acid derivatives by measuring their capacity to prevent ABTS oxidation and evaluating their anti-inflammatory like-properties on the oxidant response of neutrophils, especially on superoxide anion production and the activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO), an oxidant enzyme present and released by the primary granules of neutrophils. The superoxide anion production by PMA-stimulated neutrophils was measured by lucigenin-enhanced chimiluminescence (CL) and the activity of MPO by SIEFED to study the potential interaction of a molecule with the enzyme without interferences due to medium. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of the phenolic compounds were correlated to their redox potentials measured by voltammetry method, and discussed in relation to their molecular structure. The ability of the phenolic molecules to decrease ABTS oxidation and CL production was inversely correlated to their redox potential increasing as follows: propyl gallate > gallic acid > caffeic acid > 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid > ferulic acid > syringic acid > 2,6-dihydroxybenzoic acid > salicylic acid > benzoic acid. The number of hydroxyl groups (3) and their position (catechol) were essential for the efficacy of the molecules as stoichiometric antioxidants or scavengers. On MPO activity, the inhibitory capacity of the molecules was not really correlated with their redox potential and increased as follows: gallic acid > caffeic acid > 2,6-dihydroxybenzoic acid > propyl gallate > ferulic acid = syringic acid > 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid = salicylic acid > benzoic acid. The number of OH groups and the elongation of the carboxyl group were essential for the inhibition of MPO activity, probably by facilitating the interaction with the MPO active site or structure. The redox potential measurement seems to be a good technique to select stoichiometric antioxidants, but not anti-catalytic ones. [less ▲]

Assessment of reactive oxygen species production in cultured equine skeletal myoblasts in response to conditions of anoxia followed by reoxygenation with or without exposure to peroxidases.

in American Journal of Veterinary Research (2012), 73(3), 426-434

Objective—To culture equine myoblasts from muscle microbiopsy specimens, examine myoblast production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in conditions of anoxia followed by reoxygenation, and assess the ... [more ▼]

Objective—To culture equine myoblasts from muscle microbiopsy specimens, examine myoblast production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in conditions of anoxia followed by reoxygenation, and assess the effects of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) on ROS production. Animals—5 healthy horses (5 to 15 years old). Procedures—Equine skeletal myoblast cultures were derived from 1 or 2 microbiopsy specimens obtained from a triceps brachii muscle of each horse. Cultured myoblasts were exposed to conditions of anoxia followed by reoxygenation or to conditions of normoxia (control cells). Cell production of ROS in the presence or absence of HRP or MPO was assessed by use of a gas chromatography method, after which cells were treated with a 3,3′-diaminobenzidine chromogen solution to detect peroxidase binding. Results—Equine skeletal myoblasts were successfully cultured from microbiopsy specimens. In response to anoxia and reoxygenation, ROS production of myoblasts increased by 71%, compared with that of control cells. When experiments were performed in the presence of HRP or MPO, ROS production in myoblasts exposed to anoxia and reoxygenation was increased by 228% and 183%, respectively, compared with findings for control cells. Chromogen reaction revealed a close adherence of peroxidases to cells, even after several washes. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results indicated that equine skeletal myoblast cultures can be generated from muscle microbiopsy specimens. Anoxia-reoxygenation– treated myoblasts produced ROS, and production was enhanced in the presence of peroxidases. This experimental model could be used to study the damaging effect of exercise on muscles in athletic horses. [less ▲]