ATRP of Methacrylates Catalysed by Homo- and Heterobimetallic Ruthenium Complexes

in Matyjaszewski, Krzysztof (Ed.) Controlled/Living Radical Polymerization: Progress in ATRP (2009)

The catalytic activity of a series of ruthenium-based homo- and heterobimetallic complexes was determined by investigating the atom transfer radical polymerisation of methyl methacrylate. The complexes ... [more ▼]

The catalytic activity of a series of ruthenium-based homo- and heterobimetallic complexes was determined by investigating the atom transfer radical polymerisation of methyl methacrylate. The complexes under investigation were [(arene)Ru(µ-Cl)3RuCl(C2H4)-(L)] (L = PCy3 or a N-heterocyclic carbene ligand), [(p-cymene)-Ru(µ-Cl)3RuCl(=C=CHR)(PCy3)] (R = Ph or t-Bu), and [RuCl2-(p-cymene){PCy2(CH2)2(eta5-C5H4)TiX2(eta5-C5H5)}] (X = Cl, F, and OBz). The catalytic activity of a variety of related [(p-cymene)-ClRu(µ-Cl)2Ru(O‚^N)(=CHPh)] complexes (O^N is a Schiff base ligand) is also reported. The results clearly demonstrate that the ligands strongly affect the ability of the resulting ruthenium complexes to favour the occurrence of a well-behaved ATRP. [less ▲]

ATRP of methyl methacrylate catalysed by novel homo- and heterobimetallic ruthenium complexes

in Polymer Preprints (2008), 49(2), 24-25

The atom transfer radical polymn. of Me methacrylate was studied in the presence of 6 novel homo- and heterobimetallic Ru complexes: (p-cymene)RuCl2/(PCy3)(ethylene)RuCl2, (p-cymene)RuCl2/(1,3-Mes2-4,5-X2 ... [more ▼]

The atom transfer radical polymn. of Me methacrylate was studied in the presence of 6 novel homo- and heterobimetallic Ru complexes: (p-cymene)RuCl2/(PCy3)(ethylene)RuCl2, (p-cymene)RuCl2/(1,3-Mes2-4,5-X2-imidazolin-2-ylidene)(ethylene)RuCl2 (X = H or Cl, Mes = 2,4,6-trimethylphenyl), and (p-cymene)RuCl2/[(2-dicyclohexylphosphinoethyl)cyclopentadienyl](Cp)TiX2 (X = F, Cl, or OBz). Et 2-bromoisobutyrate was used as initiator in all expts. All catalysts showed high efficiency in controlled synthesis of poly(Me methacrylate). Using the ruthenium/titanocene dibenzoate complex, the polymn. stopped after a few hours of reaction, affording nevertheless a polymer with a decent polydispersity. [less ▲]

Controlled radical polymerization of vinyl monomers catalyzed by ruthenium N-heterocyclic carbene complexes

in Matyjaszewski, K. (Ed.) Progress in Controlled/Living Radical Polymerization / ACS Symposium Series 944 (2006)

The relative catalytic activities of a series of ruthenium-based complexes of the general formula [RuCl2(p-cymene)(NHC)], [RuCl2(=CHPh)(PR3)(NHC)] and [RuCl2(=CHPh)(NHC)2] (NHC is a N-heterocyclic carbene ... [more ▼]

The relative catalytic activities of a series of ruthenium-based complexes of the general formula [RuCl2(p-cymene)(NHC)], [RuCl2(=CHPh)(PR3)(NHC)] and [RuCl2(=CHPh)(NHC)2] (NHC is a N-heterocyclic carbene ligand) were determined by investigating the atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of methyl mathacrylate and styrene. The catalytic activity of a variety of related [RuCl(O^N)(=CHR)(NHC)] complexes and their cationic couterparts, [Ru(O^N)(=CHR)(NHC)]+BF4- (R = Ph or OEt, O^N is a Schiff base ligand), is also reported. The results clearly demonstrate that, with both methyl methacrylate and styrene, subtle modifications of the substituents of the NHC ligand lead to dramatic changes in the ability of the resulting ruthenium complexes to favor the occurence of a well-behaved ATRP. [less ▲]

Catalytic activity of N-heterocyclic carbene complexes of ruthenium and palladium in C-C bond forming reactions

Conference (2005, August)

Controlled radical polymerisation of vinyl monomers catalysed by ruthenium N-heterocyclic carbene complexes

in Matyjaszewski, Krzysztof (Ed.) Controlled/living radical polymerization. From synthesis to materials (2005)

N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-modified ruthenium catalysts of type [RuCl2(p-cymene)(NHC)] (NHC = substituted 2,3-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-ylidenes: 1,3-Mes2-4,5-Me2, 1,3-Mes2-4,5-H2, 1,3-Mes2-4,5-Cl2, 1,3-Cy2 ... [more ▼]

N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-modified ruthenium catalysts of type [RuCl2(p-cymene)(NHC)] (NHC = substituted 2,3-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-ylidenes: 1,3-Mes2-4,5-Me2, 1,3-Mes2-4,5-H2, 1,3-Mes2-4,5-Cl2, 1,3-Cy2-4,5-Me2, and 1,3-Cy2-4,5-H2; Mes = mesityl, Cy = cyclohexyl) were prepd. beforehand or in situ by combining the [RuCl2(p-cymene)] dimer with the imidazolium salt in presence of a base (e.g., t-BuOK, Cs2CO3, or Al(OiPr)3). The catalysts were then used in homogeneous atom transfer radical polymns. of Me methacrylate and styrene. The polymn. outcome was studied in dependence of catalyst (substitution pattern) and base. [less ▲]

Catalytic applications of transition metal N-heterocyclic carbene complexes bearing nitrogen-containing substituents

Conference (2005)

Catalytic applications of transition metal N-heterocyclic carbene complexes bearing nitrogen-containing side-groups

Poster (2004, July)

Herein, we report preliminary results in olefin cyclopropanation, olefin metathesis, atom transfer radical reactions (ATRA and ATRP), and in the Suzuki coupling reaction when catalyst systems were ... [more ▼]

Herein, we report preliminary results in olefin cyclopropanation, olefin metathesis, atom transfer radical reactions (ATRA and ATRP), and in the Suzuki coupling reaction when catalyst systems were generated in situ from [RuCl2(p-cymene)]2 or Pd(OAc)2, and an imidazolium salt bearing nitrogen-containing substituents. [less ▲]

Ruthenium N-heterocyclic carbene complexes: Versatile catalysts precursors for olefin metathesis, olefin cyclopropanation, and radical reactions

Conference (2003, August)

N-heterocyclic carbenes are divalent carbon species, which are commonly used as neutral, two-electron ligands with a negligible p-back-bonding tendency. They behave as phosphine mimics, yet they are ... [more ▼]

N-heterocyclic carbenes are divalent carbon species, which are commonly used as neutral, two-electron ligands with a negligible p-back-bonding tendency. They behave as phosphine mimics, yet they are better s-donors and they form stronger bonds to metal centres than most phosphines. Their electronic and steric properties are liable to ample modification simply by varying the substituents on the nitrogen atoms. Therefore, N-heterocyclic carbenes constitute a promising new class of ligands available for catalyst engineering and fine tuning, and a great deal of attention has been paid to them recently. We found that the 18-electron complex RuCl2(p-cymene)(PCy3) was a versatile and efficient promoter for the ring-opening metathesis polymerisation of both strained and low-strain cyclic olefins when activated by a suitable carbene precursor such as trimethylsilyl-diazomethane. RuCl2(p-cymene)(PCy3) was also an excellent catalyst for ATRP (Atom Transfer Radical Polymerisation) of methyl methacrylate and styrene. Here, we present preliminary results obtained in olefin metathesis, olefin cyclopropanation, and radical reactions (ATRP and Kharasch addition) when tricyclohexylphosphine was substituted by an N-heterocyclic ligand. [less ▲]

Ruthenium alkylidenes: a new class of catalysts for Kharasch addition and controlled radical polymerisation of vinyl monomers

Poster (2003, May)

Air-stable and readily available ruthenium benzylidene complexes of the general type (RuCl2 (=CHPh)(L)(L')) (L, L' = P(cC5H9)3, PCy3 and/or a N-heterocyclic carbene) constitute a new class of catalyst ... [more ▼]

Air-stable and readily available ruthenium benzylidene complexes of the general type (RuCl2 (=CHPh)(L)(L')) (L, L' = P(cC5H9)3, PCy3 and/or a N-heterocyclic carbene) constitute a new class of catalyst precursors for atom transfer radical addition (ATRA, also called Kharasch addition) and atom transfer radical polymerisation (ATRP) of methyl methacrylate and styrene, and provide an unprecedented example for the involvement of ruthenium alkylidenes in radical reactions. They promote the addition of carbon tetrachloride to methyl methacrylate and styrene in moderate to high yield (Table 1). They also promote the polymerisation of methyl methacrylate and styrene in a controlled way with good to excellent yields (Table 2). The ligands L (P(cC5H9)3, PCy3 and/or a N-heterocyclic carbene) play a particularly important role in determining the rate of the polymerisation. A similarly pronounced influence is exerted by the substituents on the N-heterocyclic carbene. Our results indicate that: 􀀀 The catalysts decompose quickly under ATRA and ATRP conditions; 􀀀 Polymerisations are mediated by both (RuCl2(=CHPh)(L)(L')) complexes and ruthenium species bereft of the benzylidene moiety. [less ▲]

New ruthenium catalysts bearing N-heterocyclic carbene ligands for ATRP

Poster (2003, May)

Stable nucleophilic N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) are neutral, two-electron ligands with a negligible p-back-bonding tendency. They behave as phosphine mimics, yet they are better s- donors and they form ... [more ▼]

Stable nucleophilic N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) are neutral, two-electron ligands with a negligible p-back-bonding tendency. They behave as phosphine mimics, yet they are better s- donors and they form stronger bonds to metal centers than most phosphines. Their electronic and steric properties are liable to ample modification simply by varying the substituents on the nitrogen atoms. Therefore, NHCs constitute a promising new class of ligands available for catalyst engineering and fine-tuning. We found that the 18-electron complex RuCl2(p-cymene)(PCy3) was a versatile and efficient promoter for ring-opening metathesis polymerization of both strained and low-strain cyclic olefins when activated by a suitable precursor such as trimethylsilyldiazomethane. This complex was also an excellent catalyst for ATRP (Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization) of MMA and styrene. In this poster, we present preliminary results obtained in olefin metathesis and in radical reactions (ATRP and Kharasch addition) when tricyclohexylphosphine was substituted by an N-heterocylic carbene ligand. [less ▲]