  The relevance of food composition data for nutrition surveys in rural Tibet: pilot study in the context of Kashin-Beck DiseaseDERMIENCE, Michael  ; ; Barthelemy, Jean-Paul et alin Biotechnologie, Agronomie, Société et Environnement = Biotechnology, Agronomy, Society and Environment [=BASE] (2013), 17(1), 32-42 Kashin-Beck disease (KBD) is an endemic and chronic osteochondropathy. This disease principally occurs in the Tibet Autonomous Region and in several provinces of the People’s Republic of China. The ... [more ▼] Kashin-Beck disease (KBD) is an endemic and chronic osteochondropathy. This disease principally occurs in the Tibet Autonomous Region and in several provinces of the People’s Republic of China. The etiology of the disease remains obscure although environmental factors are assumed to be involved. Diet, in particular, differentiates the rural community, affected by KBD, from the other communities (nomads and city-dwellers), who remain unaffected. In anticipation of a nutrition survey, this study aimed to measure the mineral content (Ca, P, Mg, Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, Ni, Se, Al, Sr, Mo, Cd, As, Pb, Hg, Cr, and Co) of eight Tibetan staple foods and to compare the results against two food composition tables (FCTs). Foods were sampled in twenty households selected from both an endemic and a non-endemic area of rural Tibet. Ten minerals involved in bone metabolism were measured using atomic and molecular spectrometric methods. Results revealed that a very limited number of food/constituent pairs showed a variation in mineral composition during a single year of testing for a given region. In addition, results showed significant differences in mineral content between the endemic and the non-endemic area, especially for wheat flour. Following our analysis of the mineral content of the Tibetan food samples, results were statistically compared with similar foods listed in two food composition tables: the USDA National Nutrient Database (USDA Food Search for Windows, Version 1.0, database version SR23), and the China Food Composition Table (book 1, 2nd edition). More than 50 to 60% of p-values < 0.05 were highlighted, suggesting the inappropriateness of using FCTs as a reference for nutrition surveys in rural Tibet, and emphasizing the need for analysis of traditional foods. Differences were found to be more or less marked depending on the element considered, and calcium content seemed to show the greatest difference. Although it is obviously too early for definite conclusions to be reached (insufficient number of samples by food and insufficient number of foods analyzed), it seems that the present pilot-study indicates significant discrepancies between measured and tabulated values of the mineral content of certain foods. A more complete survey would therefore seem mandatory. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 16 (3 ULg)Comparison of mineral intake between children from endemic and non-endemic areas for Kashin-Beck disease in Tibet Autonomous Region: Pilote studyDERMIENCE, Michael ; Maesen, Philippe ; et alPoster (2012, June 01) Background The Kashin-Beck disease (KBD) is an endemic and chronic osteochondropathy affecting between 0.74 million and 2.5 million people in the Tibet Autonomous Region and in several provinces of the ... [more ▼] Background The Kashin-Beck disease (KBD) is an endemic and chronic osteochondropathy affecting between 0.74 million and 2.5 million people in the Tibet Autonomous Region and in several provinces of the People’s Republic of China. The etiology remains unclear, although a multifactorial hypothesis has been proposed (selenium/iodine deficiency; high concentration of organic matters in drinking water; and mycotoxin poisoning by fungi infecting cereals). The rural population is almost exclusively affected. Objectives The first objective of this study was to assess and to compare the mineral daily intake between Tibetan preschool children living in endemic areas for the Kashin-Beck disease and those living in non-endemic areas. A second objective was the comparison of children daily intakes with Chinese Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs). The third objective was to estimate a sample size for a cross-sectional survey aiming to highlight significant differences in mineral intakes between the two groups of preschool children. Materials and Methods Ten Tibetan preschool children were enrolled per group (endemic/non-endemic) for this pilot study. Children had to be weaned and those living in endemic area must have a KBD sibling. The nutrition survey consisted in an interactive simplified 24-hour recall questionnaire. Two 24-hour recalls were recorded for the endemic group, in February 2010 (EAw) and in May 2010 (EAs), while one day has been recorded for the non-endemic group in July 2011 (NEA). At the same time, samples of the main staple foods were collected for chemical analysis. The daily intakes of Ca, P, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu, and Mn were calculated based on the 24-hour recall records, the chemical analyses, and data from food composition tables (FCTs). Results and discussion We are aware of limitations in the methodological approach of this pilot-study. The number of children, although weak, was empirically decided for the sake of feasibility and because no prior information was available. The interactive 24-hour recalls between the two groups are spaced in time. Nevertheless, the diet of rural Tibetans is far from diversified, and the variability among seasons and years is probably low. Daily intakes in Ca, P, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn were calculated for children of each group. Parametric test were applied for comparison of mean daily intakes between groups. A significant difference was highlighted for Cu (p-value<0.01) and Fe (p-value<0.05), no other significant difference was detected. When comparing individual daily intakes and Chinese DRIs, the most striking results concern Ca and Mn. The great majority of children showed severe deficiency in calcium and enormous excess in manganese. A power (1-β) of 80% is commonly accepted when estimating a sample size for a cross-sectional survey. In this case, the maximum sample size is too high and not feasible in practice (several hundred children per group). Oppositely, the power was calculated per mineral, based on 100 children per group. The power is higher than 90% for Mg, Fe, and Cu. For the others minerals, the power is well below 80%. Nevertheless, general deficiencies and excesses have been observed in the two groups for part of these minerals. We believe that it is a statement in itself and trying to highlight small differences between groups in such extremes is not relevant. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 45 (2 ULg) Elastase-induced pulmonary emphysema in rats: comparison of computed density and microscopic morphometry.; ; Gustin, Pascal et alin Radiology (2006), 241(3), 763-70 PURPOSE: To prospectively compare computed tomographic (CT) quantification of pulmonary emphysema in elastase-treated rats with morphometry and to evaluate the information yielded by CT quantification and ... [more ▼] PURPOSE: To prospectively compare computed tomographic (CT) quantification of pulmonary emphysema in elastase-treated rats with morphometry and to evaluate the information yielded by CT quantification and pulmonary function tests. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was approved by the local committee on care and use of animals in research. Thirty-six animals were used. Emphysema was produced by means of one or two tracheal injections of 300 IU of elastase, 8 weeks apart, in seven and 12 rats, respectively. As a control group, 10 rats received an injection of normal saline. The dynamic resistance, dynamic compliance, and static compliance were measured. CT was performed with 1-mm section thickness and 3-mm intervals. Relative areas of lung with attenuation coefficients lower than nine chosen thresholds (from -900 to -980 HU) and eight percentiles (from 1st to 18th percentiles) of the distribution of attenuation coefficients were compared with measurements of alveoli size--that is, mean interwall distance (MIWD) and mean perimeter per field (MP). Correlations between data obtained with thresholds and percentiles and MIWD and MP were investigated by means of Spearman coefficients (r(s)). Values of pulmonary function tests, most appropriate relative area threshold, and percentile were investigated by means of stepwise multiple regressions. RESULTS: For thresholds, relative surface area with attenuation coefficients less than -940 HU (RA(940)) showed the strongest correlations with findings at microscopy (r(s) = 0.676, P < .001 for MIWD; r(s) = -0.720, P < .001 for MP). For percentiles, the 3rd percentile showed the strongest correlations (r(s) = -0.647, P < .001 for MIWD; r(s) = 0.701, P < .001 for MP). Dynamic compliance and RA(940) or 3rd percentile were complementary for predicting microscopic measurements. CONCLUSION: In rats, RA(940) and the 3rd percentile reflect the extent of elastase-induced pulmonary emphysema and are complementary to dynamic compliance to predict microscopic extent. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 17 (2 ULg)Brain hypometabolism of glucose in anorexia nervosa: Normalization after weight gain; ; et al in Biological Psychiatry (1996), 40(8), 761-768 Using positron emission tomography and (18-F)-fluorodeoxyglucose, we studied cerebral glucose metabolism in 10 anorectic girls within their underweight state and after weight gain. Ten age- and sex ... [more ▼] Using positron emission tomography and (18-F)-fluorodeoxyglucose, we studied cerebral glucose metabolism in 10 anorectic girls within their underweight state and after weight gain. Ten age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers were used as controls. Both groups were scanned during rest, eyes closed and with low ambient noise. In absolute values, the underweight anorectic patients, when compared to control subjects, showed a global (p = 0.002) and regional (p ≤ 0.001) hypometabolism of glucose which normalized with weight gain. In relative values, no global difference could be assessed between underweight anorectic patients and controls but a trend can, nevertheless, be observed toward parietal and superior frontal cortex hypometabolism associated with a relative hypermetabolism in the caudate nuclei and in the inferior frontal cortex. After weight gain, all regions normalized for absolute and relative values, although a trend appears toward relative parietal hypometabolism and inferior frontal cortex hypermetabolism in weight gain anorectic patients. Absolute brain glucose hypometabolism might result from neuroendocrinological or morphological aspects of anorexia nervosa or might be the expression of altered neurotransmission following deficient nutritional state. As some differences exists in relative values in underweight patients and tend to persist in weight gain states, this could support a potential abnormal cerebral functioning, a different reaction to starvation within several regions of the brain or different restoration rates according to the region. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 17 (1 ULg)Interregional correlation of cerebral glucose metabolism in unmedicated schizophrenia; ; et al in European Neuropsychopharmacology (1996), 6(2), 141-147 To investigate metabolic relationships between different brain regions in schizophrenia, we measured regional brain metabolism using positron emission tomography (PET) and [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) in ... [more ▼] To investigate metabolic relationships between different brain regions in schizophrenia, we measured regional brain metabolism using positron emission tomography (PET) and [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) in 15 unmedicated schizophrenic patients and 15 healthy subjects. We analyzed correlations between glucose metabolism data of multiple brain regions using factorial analysis and correlation coefficient comparisons. Absolute regional intercorrelations in schizophrenic brains were found to be significantly stronger than in controls, in relationship to the greater variability of metabolic rates in schizophrenic patients. Variability of normalized metabolic rates and regional intercorrelations were not significantly different between schizophrenic patients and control subjects. We conclude that a global metabolic factor accounts for the variability of metabolic data in untreated schizophrenia. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 14 (1 ULg) |
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