CARBOHYDRATE-BASED SURFACTANTS FOR FORMING AND STABILIZING COLLOIDAL SYSTEMS AS EMULSIONS AND FOAMS

in Abstracts book of 5th edition of world congress on emulsions (2010, October 12)

Carbohydrate-based surfactants (CBS) constitute a class of amphiphilic molecules with particular and common interests. These surface-active compounds can be produced from the most abundant renewable ... [more ▼]

Carbohydrate-based surfactants (CBS) constitute a class of amphiphilic molecules with particular and common interests. These surface-active compounds can be produced from the most abundant renewable materials allowing large product concept possibilities, and may occur in a large structural range with one or more hydrophilic head groups and hydrophobic chains with various linkers/spacers, thanks to numerous reactive functional groups in their basic structure. It is then possible to design a quasi-unlimited number of new compounds by (bio)-synthesis from various raw materials. This structural diversity can generate a wide range of properties, which could be developed in food and non-food applications. Our challenge is now to find out the most suitable molecular structures for the post-development of CBS, mainly for colloidal systems like emulsion, foam, and suspension. A pre-screening of the dynamic and equilibrium interfacial tensions and interfacial rheology properties of various CBS prepared by chemical, enzymatic, or chemo-enzymatic synthesis routes from the derivatives of bio-renewable substrates is carried out. Then, the characterization of emulsifying and foaming properties of pre-selected molecules is performed. These investigations are completed by the characterization of thermal properties of liquid suspensions and powders. Homologous series of two derivative compounds of glucuronic and galacturonic acids with mono- or bicatenar hydrophobic chains and different linkages (linear or cyclic ester, amide) have been chosen as CBS starting compounds. These were full characterized by spectroscopic techniques (RMN, SM, IR). The effect of the hydrophobic chain length and number, polar head group, and the linker on whole properties investigated is easily deduced. [less ▲]

Synthèse enzymatique de surfactants sucrés en milieux organiques et dans le CO2 supercritique

Poster (2010, May 18)

Optimisation of slow-release formulations as biological control devices

Poster (2010, May 05)

E-β-Farnesene, the alarm pheromone of many aphid species and β-caryophyllene, recently identified as one of the possible component of the aggregation pheromones of the Asian ladybeetles Harmonia axyridis ... [more ▼]

E-β-Farnesene, the alarm pheromone of many aphid species and β-caryophyllene, recently identified as one of the possible component of the aggregation pheromones of the Asian ladybeetles Harmonia axyridis Pallas, are considered as two sesquiterpenes attractive for aphids’ predators and parasitoids, Epysirphus balteatus De Geer and Aphidius ervi Haliday, respectively. In the present research, alginate gel beads formulations were optimised as semiochemical slow-release devices. The formulations were evaluated in terms of volatiles release capacity, protection efficiency of sesquiterpenes against oxidation, and biological activity towards Epysirphus balteatus and Aphidius ervi. Moreover, the sesquiterpenes used in the formulations were obtained from natural matrices. Indeed, they were purified by flash chromatography fractionation of essential oils of Matricaria chamomilla L. and Nepeta cataria L., for obtaining E-β-farnesene and β-caryophyllene, respectively. The purities of the fractions were determined by means of a fast GC analytical method optimised for a good resolution of terpenes in less than five minutes. The experiments can conclude that the alginate gel beads formulations are efficient as biological control devices considering the results obtained with the various biological tests led on predators and parasitoids. Moreover, the sesquiterpenes are more protected when formulated in alginate beads than without formulation. The devices allow also a slow-release of semiochemicals during a long time (at least 40 days) depending on physico-chemical parameters (temperature, relative humidity). A mathematical modelisation of semiochemicals release is presently in study. [less ▲]

Microwave-assisted conversion of carbohydrates. State of the art and outlook.

Conference (2010, May)

The valorisation of carbohydrates arising from the hydrolysis of renewable feedstocks (i.e. lignocellulosic biomass) is nowadays an area of outmost interest. In this context, the implementation of fast ... [more ▼]

The valorisation of carbohydrates arising from the hydrolysis of renewable feedstocks (i.e. lignocellulosic biomass) is nowadays an area of outmost interest. In this context, the implementation of fast, expeditous and cost-effective methodologies for the modification of these naturally occurring compounds is becoming a prerequisite. In this sense, the application of microwaves has gained progressive attention in laboratories for making a range of high-added value sugars derivatives scaffolds. Its advantages are numerous and include enhacement of reaction rates and yields combined to improved regio-, chemo- and anomeric selectivities. Since the first publications of Gedye et Giguere in 1986, the use of microwave has progressively emerged as a popular non conventional heating source in the field of organic synthesis.1 Nevertheless, its application in the area of carbohydrate chemistry is less documented.2, 3 Although research in this field is still in its infancy, recourse to microwaves often provides, with remarkable yields and atom efficiency, new carbohydrate-based structures that are not easily available by any another means (or only via painstaking multi-step protocols). This communication proposes therefore selected, recent and non exhaustive illustrations of the application of microwaves to promote famous carbohydrates “model” reactions. The scale-up of such microwave-assisted reactions is also presented. [less ▲]

Lipase-assisted synthesis of potential bio-based surfactants starting from lignocellulosic carbohydrates

Poster (2010, April)

Surfactants constitute an important class of compounds with a lot of applications, especially in the food and beverage industries (emulsion forming and stabilization, antiadhesive and antimicrobial ... [more ▼]

Surfactants constitute an important class of compounds with a lot of applications, especially in the food and beverage industries (emulsion forming and stabilization, antiadhesive and antimicrobial activities)1. With the prospect of synthesising new active compounds, white biotechnology offers efficient tools. Indeed, the use of enzymes as biocatalysts provides an interesting synthetic route in comparison to the chemical way that often requires high reaction temperatures and suffers from a lack of specificity, resulting in complex mixtures. Among all the biocatalysts available, lipases represent a class of industrial interest 2,3. In parallel, the starting material is also an important parameter : due to the depletion of petroleum reserves, its ever increasing price and various environmental aspects, the use of renewable or biomass resources is inevitable. Within the frame of a biorefinery project, we focused on the lipase-assisted modification of uronic acids. These carbohydrates can be obtained from lignocellulosic material, and, in the presence of fatty alcohols, the Candida antarctica lipase B catalyses the synthesis of amphiphilic compounds. Owing to the initial conditions used and the addition of co-solvents, we optimized the synthesis of these bio-based potential surfactants, and obtained a panel of various structures depending to the acyl acceptor used. The poster will present the details of these syntheses. [less ▲]

The lipoxygenase metabolic pathway in plants: potential for industrial production of natural green leaf volatiles

in Biotechnologie, Agronomie, Société et Environnement = Biotechnology, Agronomy, Society and Environment [=BASE] (2010), 14(3), 451-460

Lipoxygenase enzymatic pathway is a widely studied mechanism in the plant kingdom. Combined actions of three enzymes: lipase, lipoxygenase (LOX) and hydroperoxide lyase (HPL) convert lipidic substrates ... [more ▼]

Lipoxygenase enzymatic pathway is a widely studied mechanism in the plant kingdom. Combined actions of three enzymes: lipase, lipoxygenase (LOX) and hydroperoxide lyase (HPL) convert lipidic substrates such as C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids into short chain volatiles. These reactions, triggered by cell membrane disruptions, produce compounds known as Green Leaf Volatiles (GLVs) which are C6 or C9-aldehydes and alcohols. These GLVs are commonly used as flavors to confer a fresh green odor of vegetable to food products. Therefore, competitive biocatalytic productions have been developed to meet the high demand in these natural flavors. Vegetable oils, chosen for their lipidic acid profile, are converted by soybean LOX and plant HPL into natural GLVs. However this second step of the bioconversion presents low yield due to the HPL instability and the inhibition by its substrate. This paper will shortly describe the different enzymes involved in this bioconversion with regards to their chemical and enzymatic properties. Biotechnological techniques to enhance their production potentialities will be discussed along with their implication in a complete bioprocess, from the lipid substrate to the corresponding aldehydic or alcoholic flavors. [less ▲]

Volatile organic compounds of wheat roots as potential contributors to their communication with soil microorganisms

Poster (2010, January 26)

L'Ylang-Ylang (Cananga odorata (Lam.) Hook & Thoms.) : une plante à huile essentielle méconnue dans une filière en danger.

in Biotechnologie, Agronomie, Société et Environnement = Biotechnology, Agronomy, Society and Environment [=BASE] (2010), 14

Activité antibactérienne et Technique d'extraction

Poster (2010)

L’évaluation de l’activité antibactérienne fait l’objet de nombreuses études dans le domaine des plantes aromatiques et médicinales. Les résultats obtenus correspondent généralement à une technique ... [more ▼]

L’évaluation de l’activité antibactérienne fait l’objet de nombreuses études dans le domaine des plantes aromatiques et médicinales. Les résultats obtenus correspondent généralement à une technique d’extraction employée. Notre travail a pour objectif d’étudier l’effet de la technique d’extraction sur l’activité antibactérienne des huiles essentielles extraites à partir de certaines plantes aromatiques et médicinales. Nous avons préparé deux échantillons d’huiles essentielles par hydro-distillation conventionnelle et par hydro-distillation assistée par micro-ondes. Une série d’expériences a été effectuée sur un groupe de bactéries : E. coli, Staphylococcus, Klépsilla, Protéus, Bacillus. Les résultats obtenus ont montré que l’activité antibactérienne est nettement supérieur dans le cas du chauffage classique pour E. coli et Bacillus. Ceci montre que la composition chimique est différente pour les deux échantillons d’huiles essentielles. Les travaux effectués confirment que l’activité antibactérienne dépend directement de la technique d’extraction utilisée. [less ▲]

L'organométallique au service des extraits naturels

Poster (2010)

Le Maroc est considéré parmi les pays méditerranéens les plus riches en ressources naturelles, notamment, les plantes aromatiques et médicinales. La valorisation des extraits naturels passe soit par des ... [more ▼]

Le Maroc est considéré parmi les pays méditerranéens les plus riches en ressources naturelles, notamment, les plantes aromatiques et médicinales. La valorisation des extraits naturels passe soit par des échantillons à l’état brut, soit en les transformant en d’autres structures chimiques nouvelles. [less ▲]