Peasant responses to agricultural land conversion and mechanism of rural social differentiation in Hung Yen province, Northern Vietnam

Conference (2011)

Agricultural accumulation has been one of the main source determined the social differentiation in Vietnamese countryside. The complexities of agrarian changes under the post - socialist industrialization ... [more ▼]

Agricultural accumulation has been one of the main source determined the social differentiation in Vietnamese countryside. The complexities of agrarian changes under the post - socialist industrialization with high rate of agricultural land conversion in recent context reveal the new forms of capital accumulation and social differentiation. This research investigates how land conversion process to industrial zones and clusters affected to the way that different groups of peasant households accumulate their resources. The study was carried out in 3 districts of Hung Yen province from 2006 to 2010. The study results are as follows: first, the land conversion to industrialization has impact on not only the decline of household landholdings but also the changes value of land which are the sources of social conflicts and informal land transfer. Second, in the context of land conversion to industrialization with tiny plots of land, low return from agricultural production and more opportunities of non-farm activities, even when non-farm employment is very profitable, peasant households are not likely to give up their land but maintaining agricultural production for not only their basic and secure livelihood but also for their identity. Third, among the affected peasant groups, the households with non-farm background tend to be in better position in engaging to high - earning activities. They are likely the rich peasants in opposed to the poor group with farming background and lost more than 50% of their agricultural land. This research has showed that the industrialization policies have to deal with the proportion of agricultural land would be transferred for industrialization zones and other measures in order to limit the conflicts as well as the social differentiation in countryside. [less ▲]

Modernization of animal products consumption in Hanoi, Northern Vietnam

Conference (2011)

Global food crisis has played its negative effects on sustainable development. A question has been raised: how could the families in both rural and urban areas struggle against this present global food ... [more ▼]

Global food crisis has played its negative effects on sustainable development. A question has been raised: how could the families in both rural and urban areas struggle against this present global food crisis? This research aims at documenting household food consumption from January to October 2010 by interviewing with and operating a record keeping system of food consumption in 250 households of various income levels living in two different areas of Hanoi, the inner and suburban districts. There is variety of animal products consumed in each family of both areas. Indeed, pork meat, broiler chickens and freshwater fish were popularly used in all families; and broiler ducks are usually consumed in summer season. Furthermore, in the inner districts, there is a rise in the demand of red meats and aquatic products, particularly beef and seafood products. Home-made foods are still a major source of foods for all family members of most of families, however, families in urban areas tends to have breakfasts and lunches in restaurants. In rural areas, the soya curd (tofu) and self-made products from broiler chickens, vegetables, and the rice play an important role, occupying from 15% to 30% of food expenditures. In addition, pork meat and freshwater fish are usually bought in village markets. Through incomes of 82% of households are mainly from agricultural production or from between agriculture and off-farm activities, thanks to self-made products in most of households, the rural areas are not considerably influent by the present global food and financial crisis. Nevertheless, in order to achieve sustainable development, it is necessary to equip farmers with sufficient knowledge of practical agricultural production. [less ▲]

Modernization of demand analysis for poultry meat in the context of HPAI in Hanoi, North-Vietnam

Poster (2011)

Agriculture familiale et production avicole au Vietnam

E-print/Working paper (2011)

This research was carried out at Chương Mỹ and Phú Xuyên Districts for two years of 2009 – 2010 by production record keeping system according to a production cycle of 270 poultry flocks at 210 farms and ... [more ▼]

This research was carried out at Chương Mỹ and Phú Xuyên Districts for two years of 2009 – 2010 by production record keeping system according to a production cycle of 270 poultry flocks at 210 farms and smallholders to aim at better understanding the diversification, technical productivity in this region through an approach of animal production systems and the supply chains with their various constraints. Agricultural by-products are taken full advantage maximum but the daily diet is not balanced in smallholders or commercial farms. Production productivity is good with industrial broilers of ISA Brown, Ai Cập hens and Mix 1. Rate of mortality occupied about 2% with ISA Brown hens, 3% with broiler Mix 1 compared with 15% - 27% of Lương Phượng chickens, CV Super Meat, French Muscovy ducks and backyard production. Poultry production in these zones is really diversified, complex about the races, feed sources and preventive sanitation. But this poultry production is facing grave difficulties such as good quality of DOCs, large fluctuation risk of prices of inputs/outputs and the high risks with epidemic diseases from this year to another. [less ▲]

OPTIMIZATION OF A NEW TWO-PLATE SCREENING METHOD FOR THE DETECTION OF ANTIBIOTIC RESIDUES IN MEAT

Poster (2010, June)

Validation of a two-plate microbiological method for screening antibiotic residues in shrimp tissue

in Analytica Chimica Acta (2010), 672

Microbiological inhibition screening tests could play an important role to detect residues of antibiotics in the different animal food products, but very few are available for the aquaculture products in ... [more ▼]

Microbiological inhibition screening tests could play an important role to detect residues of antibiotics in the different animal food products, but very few are available for the aquaculture products in general, and for shrimps in particular. A two-plate microbiological method to screen shrimp for residues of the most commonly used antibiotics has been developed and validated according to criteria derived from the European Commission Decision 2002/657/CE. Bacillus subtilis was used as a sensitive strain to target antibiotics. Culture conditions on Petri plates (pH of medium) were selected to enhance the capacity of antibiotic detection. Antibiotic residues were extracted from shrimps using acetonitrile/acetone (70/30, v/v) before application on Petri plates seeded with B. subtilis. The method was validated using spiked blank tissues as well as antibiotic treated shrimps with enrofloxacin and tetracycline, two antibiotics often found to be used in shrimp production. For tetracyclines and (fluoro)quinolones, the detection capability was below the maximum residue limit (MRL), while it was around the MRL for sulfonamides. The specificity of the microbiological screening was 100% in all cases while the sensitivity and accuracy was 100% in almost all cases. The capacity of the method to detect contaminated samples was confirmed on antibiotic treated shrimps, analyzed in parallel with a confirmatory method (Liquid Chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC–MS)). [less ▲]

Consommation alimentaire et revenu familial dans la zone périurbaine de Hanoi

in University of Parma, Faculty of Economics (Ed.) 116th EAAE Seminar "Spatial dynamics in agri-food systems : implications for sustainability and consumer welfare (2010)

Households' net income and food consumption in the context of the current financial crisis (a case study in Hanoi suburban)

in Vietnam’s Socio-Economic Development [=VSED]: a Social Science Review (2010), March 2010(61), 69-80

Land conversion to industrialization and its impacts on household food security in Red River Delta, Vietnam

Conference (2010)

Since 1990s Vietnam is undergoing rapid industrialization with the national goal of becoming an industrial country. As a result, large tracts of agricultural land were conversed to industrial zones and ... [more ▼]

Since 1990s Vietnam is undergoing rapid industrialization with the national goal of becoming an industrial country. As a result, large tracts of agricultural land were conversed to industrial zones and clusters. This paper analyzes the complex impacts caused by industrialization on household food security. Both qualitative and quantitative methods were applied to investigate how land conversion process to industrial companies affected food security of different groups of peasant households in Hung Yen province, the most rapid industrialization province in Red River Delta of Vietnam. The study showed that industrialization and neo-liberalism affected household food security in three aspects: the lost of large agricultural land area which did not ensure stable jobs for peasants; the decline of living quality as a result of environmental pollution and high living costs; and the lost of household self reliance on food, with 77 percent of surveyed households not producing enough food for their own consumption. Industrialization had created a new class structure in the Vietnamese countryside with the rise of landless peasants who survived by selling their labor and who are net food buyers. The study contributes to the research that link the analysis of household food security with livelihood systems in the processes interacting across scales, from the very local to the global. [less ▲]

Use of redworms (Perionyx excavatus) to manage agricultural wastes and supply valuable feed for poultry

in Livestock Research for Rural Development (2009), 21(number 11), 192

Perionyx excavatus, cultured in Vietnam in early 1990s, showed an important role in managing organic wastes and supplying a very nutritious feed for animals. To develop vermiculture in practice, four ... [more ▼]

Perionyx excavatus, cultured in Vietnam in early 1990s, showed an important role in managing organic wastes and supplying a very nutritious feed for animals. To develop vermiculture in practice, four treatments of different substrates including 100% fresh cattle manure (CM); cattle manure + pig manure in 50:50 ratio (CPM); cattle manure + pig manure + rice straw in 50:40:10 ratio (CPMRS) and pig manure + rice straw in 90:10 ratio (PMRS) were prepared to examine worms’ growth and their decomposition efficiency. All substrates were composted 45 days before feeding to worms. The result showed that cattle manure (CM) was the best substrate for worm growth (biomass gained 713 g after 45 days or 242.6% of growth rate). The worm biomass achieved in CPMRS and PMRS treatments was significantly lower than that in CM treatment. As compared to primary substrates, vermicomposts exhibited an excellent result with a great increase in the amount of total P (0.3 – 0.6%), total K (0.09 – 0.23%), Ca (0.51 – 0.79%) and a decrease in N-NH3 and N-NH4+. A study was carried out to evaluate the influence of feed supplemented with worms on the growth and meat quality of broiler chickens (n=148). Starting at 4 weeks old the chickens were divided into a control group and three experimental groups corresponding to worm levels in the diet of 1, 1.5 and 2% on a dry matter basis according to a completely randomized design. Chicken fed the diet supplemented with 2% worms had the highest live weight at 10 weeks (1925 g/head vs 1823 g/head for the control). Percentage of breast and leg meat was also higher than in the control group. Chickens in the three worm groups had better FCR. The different levels of red worm supplementation did not affect meat quality (pH, color, and the rate of dehydration after storage and processing). [less ▲]