Elimination des limitations de transfert de matière en catalyse supportée sur carbone par utilisation de supports de type xérogel de carbone

Conference (2006, April 03)

Pd-Ag/SiO2 xerogel catalyst forming by impregnation on alumina foams

in Chemical Engineering Journal (2006), 117(1), 13-22

A Pd-Ag/SiO2 xerogel catalyst prepared in one step by sol-gel process has been entrapped in cylindrical porous alumina foams of three different pore sizes in order to shape the catalyst under the ... [more ▼]

A Pd-Ag/SiO2 xerogel catalyst prepared in one step by sol-gel process has been entrapped in cylindrical porous alumina foams of three different pore sizes in order to shape the catalyst under the appropriate form with suitable mechanical resistance to be used in an industrial fixed bed reactor. After drying, calcination and reduction, the Pd-Ag/SiO2 xerogel catalyst pellets are immobilized inside the open porosity of the alumina foam. The localization of the xerogel catalyst in the alumina foams has been studied by X-ray tomography. The three-dimensional porous structure was reconstructed from the consecutive cross-sections obtained by this technique. This method shows that the Pd-Ag/SiO2 xerogel catalyst is uniformly dispersed inside the porosity of the alumina foams. Activity and selectivity of Pd-Ag/SiO2 xerogel catalyst reference or catalyst entrapped in alumina foams have been studied for selective hydrodechlorination of 1,2-dichloroethane into ethylene. The specific reaction rate obtained with catalyst entrapped in alumina foams is smaller than the one obtained from corresponding catalyst powders. The catalytic activity decrease observed for Pd-Ag/SiO2 xerogel catalyst entrapped in porous alumina foams most probably arises from diffusional limitations inside the porous texture of the alumina foams. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. [less ▲]

Synthesis optimization of organic xerogels produced from convective air-drying of resorcinol-formaldehyde gels

in Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids (2006), 352(1), 24-34

Resorcinol-formaldehyde gels were produced at 50, 70 and 90 degrees C and with three different R/C ratios (500, 1000 and 2000). The effect of these variables combined with that of aging time was studied ... [more ▼]

Resorcinol-formaldehyde gels were produced at 50, 70 and 90 degrees C and with three different R/C ratios (500, 1000 and 2000). The effect of these variables combined with that of aging time was studied in order to optimize the synthesis conditions. The convective air-drying process was used, and the drying duration was studied with regard to the synthesis conditions. The aging time has no effect on the pore texture after 24 h at 90 degrees C or 48 h at 70 C, whatever the R/C value. The synthesis-aging step can be shortened by increasing the temperature. Nevertheless, the pore size tends then to decrease, especially when R/C is high, but this can be counterbalanced by increasing R/C. Moreover, bubbles often appear in the gel at high synthesis temperature, which limits the temperature to about 70 degrees C in the case of monolithic parts. At 70 degrees C and with an air velocity of 2 m/s, the elimination of 90% of the solvent requires 1 h drying when the pore size reaches 400-600 nm, 2.5 h for 50 nm wide pores and 3 h when the pore size decreases to 15-20 nm. The drying duration does not exceed 8 h in all cases and could be shortened by increasing the temperature at the end of the process. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. [less ▲]

The nonlinear optical, magnetic, and Mossbauer spectral properties of some iron(III) doped silica xerogels

in Journal of Materials Science (2006), 41(10), 2839-2849

Iron(III) species dispersed in silica have been synthesized with a sol-gel process. The iron(III) was introduced as the acetylacetonate complex into a solution of tetraethoxysilane to yield, after ... [more ▼]

Iron(III) species dispersed in silica have been synthesized with a sol-gel process. The iron(III) was introduced as the acetylacetonate complex into a solution of tetraethoxysilane to yield, after evaporative drying, pellets or monoliths. Two gels were dried very slowly over a period of five months in order to prepare a defect free monolith useful for nonlinear optical studies. Z-scan experimental studies on the resulting, transparent, monolithic, doped solid revealed an optical Kerr effect, a third order nonlinear optical phenomenon showing a linear dependence of the refractive index on the irradiance with a nonlinear refractive index, n(2), of -1.95 x 10(-11) cm(2)/W. Magnetic susceptibility studies between 4.2 and 295 K revealed paramagnetic behavior with a Curie constant of 4.433 (emu/mol)K and a Weiss temperature of -7.1 K. Magnetization studies at 5 K and at applied fields of up to 4 T and Mossbauer spectral studies between 4.2 and 295 K revealed a 50:50 mixture of paramagnetic species and nanoparticles with an average particle radius of 1.3 +/- 0.2 nm. A blocking temperature of 70 K and a magnetic anisotropy energy of 2.4 x 10(5) J/m(3) stop are derived from the Mossbauer spectra. (c) 2006 Springer Science + Business Media, Inc. [less ▲]

Metal catalysts suppported on texture-tailored carbon xerogels

in Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis (2006), 162

Avoiding mass transfer limitations in carbon supported catalysis by using carbon xerogel as supports

in Chemistry for Sustainable Development (2006), 14

Structure of Silica Xerogels Synthesized with Organoalkoxysilane Co-reactants Hints at Multiple Phase Separation

in Journal of Physical Chemistry B (2006), 110

The microstructure of hybrid silica xerogels synthesized by the base-catalyzed polymerization of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) in ethanol in the presence of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (AES) and of 3-(2 ... [more ▼]

The microstructure of hybrid silica xerogels synthesized by the base-catalyzed polymerization of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) in ethanol in the presence of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (AES) and of 3-(2-aminoethylamino)- propyltrimethoxysilane (EDAS) as co-reactants, and dried in subcritical conditions, is analyzed. A thorough structural characterization of the samples is performed combining nitrogen adsorption, small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), and transmission electron microscopy coupled with digital image analysis. The use of these methods shows that, for both co-reactants, the xerogels are made of macropores supported by filaments, with each filament being formed of smaller structures. The quantitative impact of the additive on each structural level is assessed. The data are compared with a previous time-resolved SAXS study conducted during the formation of the gels (J. Phys. Chem. B 2004, 108, 8983-8991). The results are analyzed in the framework of a double phase separation model. [less ▲]

Metal catalysts supported on texture tailored carbon xerogels

Conference (2006)

The nonlinear optical, magnetic, and Mössbauer spectral properties of some iron(III) doped silica xerogels

Conference (2006)

Avoiding mass transfer limitations in carbon supported catalysis by using carbon xerogel type supports

Conference (2006)