Chemical and enzymatical modifications of sugar derived from lignocellulose

Poster (2009, January)

Actually, biorefinery is increasingly considered as a promising alternative to petroleum chemistry, since it aims at not only the replacement of fossil energy but also the development of chemicals from ... [more ▼]

Actually, biorefinery is increasingly considered as a promising alternative to petroleum chemistry, since it aims at not only the replacement of fossil energy but also the development of chemicals from biomass, with applications such as detergents, phytopharmaceutics, solvents, plastics, etc. The valorisation of carbohydrates from renewable raw materials is currently the subject of numerous researches. In this context, the synthesis of new surfactants derived from the sugars issued from the lignocellulose hydrolysis was undertaken by chemical or enzymatic routes. In this poster, the examples of glucose, cellobiose and uronic acids will be discussed. Whatever the way used, the reaction conditions (use of a catalyst, protection/deprotection steps, type of solvent, presence of co-solvent, reactant concentrations, etc) were optimized to yield a panel of carbohydrate derivatives (some examples of the structures obtained are given above). These differ by the nature of the alkyl chain (in length and in degree of saturation), the type of chemical bond (amide, ester, thioester, acetal), and the position of substitution. The impact of these differences on the techno-functional properties of these modified sugars will be evaluated. [less ▲]

Glass transition phenomena applied to powdered amorphous food carbohydrates

in Biotechnologie, Agronomie, Société et Environnement = Biotechnology, Agronomy, Society and Environment [=BASE] (2009), 13(1), 177-186

Glass transition phenomena applied to powdered amorphous food carbohydrates. During these last fifteen years, some food technologists and scientists have become aware of the importance of the glass ... [more ▼]

Glass transition phenomena applied to powdered amorphous food carbohydrates. During these last fifteen years, some food technologists and scientists have become aware of the importance of the glass transition, a thermal property of glassy or amorphous material, in food preparation processes. Recent studies have successfully correlated this fundamental notion to technofunctional changes within the powder. The aim of this paper is to present in a non exhaustive manner the relationship between glass transition characteristics and applications in food technology (caking, alterations, etc.). [less ▲]

Enzymatic interesterification of anhydrous milk fat with rapeseed and/or linseed oil: oxidative stability

in Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry (2009), 57(15), 6787-6794

Blends of anhydrous milkfat (AMF) and linseed oil (70/30), and AMF, rapeseed oil (RO) and linseed oil (LO), 70/20/10, were submitted to enzymatic interesterification. The oxidative stability of the blends ... [more ▼]

Blends of anhydrous milkfat (AMF) and linseed oil (70/30), and AMF, rapeseed oil (RO) and linseed oil (LO), 70/20/10, were submitted to enzymatic interesterification. The oxidative stability of the blends, the interesterified (IE) blends and IE blends with 50 ppm -tocopherol added as antioxidant were studied. Samples were stored in open flasks at 60°C, 25°C and 4°C, and periodically submitted to peroxide, p-anisidine, TBA value determination and UV measurement at 232 and 268 nm. The analysis of volatile compounds was carried out by SPME for the samples stored at 60°C. Peroxides appeared to be the only significant oxidation products after 12 weeks storage at 4°C. As expected, the binary blends (BB) were more sensitive to oxidation than the ternary blends (TB). The BB were associated with increased volatile emission compared to TB. Interesterification led to variable effects on the oxidation of fat mixtures, depending on composition and temperature (beneficial effect on BB, at both 25°C and 60°C, and a rather neutral effect on TB). The IE blends exhibited higher volatile release prior to ageing. A pro-oxidant effect of -tocopherol addition was observed at 25°C on both BB and TB. At 60°C, an antioxidant effect was observed on TB. [less ▲]

Surface properties of new virginiamycin M1 derivatives

in Colloids & Surfaces B : Biointerfaces (2009), 69

A Step-Forward Method Of Quantitative Analysis Of Enzymatically Produced Isomaltooligosaccharide Preparations By Aec-Pad

in Chromatographia (2009), 69(3-4),

Interesterification of rapeseed oil with anhydrous milk fat and its stearin fraction

Poster (2009)

The compositional changes occurring during the lipase-catalysed interesterification of AMF/rapeseed oil (RO) and AMF stearin fraction (AMFSF)/RO blends were described in the first part of this study. In ... [more ▼]

The compositional changes occurring during the lipase-catalysed interesterification of AMF/rapeseed oil (RO) and AMF stearin fraction (AMFSF)/RO blends were described in the first part of this study. In the present and second part are reported the resulting changes in physical properties, especially the melting behaviour through solid fat content (SFC), dropping point (DP) and fusion profiles by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). [less ▲]

Intersterification of rapessed oil with anhydrous milk fat and its stearin fraciton. I. Modifications of composition

in GCIRC Bulletin (2009), 25

Milk fat in human diet is associated with cardiovascular diseases due to its high content in saturated fatty acids and cholesterol. Most vegetable oils are much healthier as they are rich in unsaturated ... [more ▼]

Milk fat in human diet is associated with cardiovascular diseases due to its high content in saturated fatty acids and cholesterol. Most vegetable oils are much healthier as they are rich in unsaturated fatty acids (1,2). Lipase-catalysed interesterification of oils and fats has arisen as an alternative to hydrogenation or chemical processes to produce margarine and shortenings (3), notably because they do not give rise to undesirable trans fatty acids (4). The enzyme exchanges fatty acids from one triglyceride to another, resulting in a redistribution of fatty acids species. For such a reaction, the lipase of Thermomyces lanuginosa was shown to be an efficient tool in solvent-free fat blends batches and micro-aqueous conditions (5). Enzymatic interesterification can thus be used to enrich “hard” fats with unsaturated fatty acids (6,7). As an illustration, rapeseed oil (RO) (a choice source of unsaturation-rich residues) was used in the present study to enrich anhydrous milk fat (AMF) with unsaturated C18 fatty acids (FA) (oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids). Comparatively, one “harder” fraction of AMF underwent the same reaction. The physico-chemical properties modifications induced by the reaction were followed. The compositional changes are reported in this first part and the consequent physical modifications are presented in a second part. [less ▲]

PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF EUROPEAN BAKERY MARGARINES WITH AND WITHOUT TRANS FATTY ACIDS

in Journal of Food Lipids (2009), 16(3), 273-286

Physicochemical properties of commercially available European bakery margarines (cream margarines, cake margarines [CM] and puff pastry margarines [PPM]) containing and devoid of trans fatty acids (TFAs ... [more ▼]

Physicochemical properties of commercially available European bakery margarines (cream margarines, cake margarines [CM] and puff pastry margarines [PPM]) containing and devoid of trans fatty acids (TFAs) were investigated. Studied physical properties were the solid fat content (SFC), dropping points (DPs), polymorphism, texture (hardness), plasticity and the melting profile by differential scanning calorimetry. Experimental results confirm that physical properties of the margarines corresponded with their application area. For example, SFC and DPs of PPM were higher than cream margarines and CM; they were also harder at 15C. Moreover, all the investigated physical properties were affected by the suppression of TFA in bakery margarines. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS This study has shown that margarines present different physical properties with respect to their purposed application but also highlight changes that appear due to the absence of trans-fatty acids in the formulations. These changes can really affect the bakery abilities and will, finally, influence the quality of the bakery products. [less ▲]

Interesterification of rapeseed oil with anhydrous milk fat and its stearin fraction. II. Modifications of melting properties

in Groupement Consultatif International de Recherche sur le Colza (2009), 25

Chemical and/or physical modification of oils and fats are commonly used by food industry to widen their range of applications (1,2). Lipase-catalysed interesterification of anhydrous milk fat (AMF) and ... [more ▼]

Chemical and/or physical modification of oils and fats are commonly used by food industry to widen their range of applications (1,2). Lipase-catalysed interesterification of anhydrous milk fat (AMF) and various vegetable oils is now a well documented procedure (3-7). The purpose of this technique is to produce original structured fats with properties different from a simple blending, that may be used as spreads or introduced into pastry. The new fats contain higher amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) than butter, which provides health benefits (8,9). To our knowledge only a few authors associated AMF fractionation with blending and interesterification (10,11), although this combination may be used to increase the ratio of vegetable oil in blends and thus the PUFA content of the product. The compositional changes occurring during the lipase-catalysed interesterification of AMF/rapeseed oil (RO) and AMF stearin fraction (AMFSF)/RO blends were described in the first part of this study. In the present and second part are reported the resulting changes in physical properties, especially the melting behaviour through solid fat content (SFC), dropping point (DP) and fusion profiles by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). [less ▲]

Effect of water uptake on amorphous inulin properties

in Food Hydrocolloids (2009), 23(3), 922-927

Physical property changes of amorphous spray-dried inulin were investigated during water uptake at 20 degrees C. Modulated Differential Scanning Calorimetry (MDSC) and Wide Angle X-ray Scattering (WAXS ... [more ▼]

Physical property changes of amorphous spray-dried inulin were investigated during water uptake at 20 degrees C. Modulated Differential Scanning Calorimetry (MDSC) and Wide Angle X-ray Scattering (WAXS) were used to investigate the evolution of the glass transition temperature (T-g) and the crystallinity index, respectively. The water content, crystallization and thermal properties relationship enabled the identification of three zones in the T-g-water content state diagram. Zone I delimited inulin in a glassy amorphous state, while zone II characterized inulin in a liquid amorphous state. Inulin crystallized and caked when T-g was below the storage temperature of 20 degrees C, but crystallization (zone III) was not spontaneous and was delayed by the defined zone II. The crystallization led to thermograms with an endotherm close to T-g. Temperature-Resolved WAXS allowed to correctly ascertain the MDSC endothermic peak as a melting peak because the crystallinity index was maximal at onset temperature of the transition, and dropped to zero at the endset temperature. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. [less ▲]