La clozapine, source d'inspiration pour les pharmacochimistes, les pharmacologues et les psychopharmacologues

Post doctoral thesis (2002)

Electrooxidation Potential as a Tool in the Early Screening for New Safer Clozapine-Like Analogues

in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry (2001), 44(5), 769-76

The chemical modification of clozapine (1) has permitted the finding of new analogues, e.g., olanzapine (2), quetiapine (3), 5-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-8-chloropyrido[2,3-b][1,5]benzoxazepine fumarate (9 ... [more ▼]

The chemical modification of clozapine (1) has permitted the finding of new analogues, e.g., olanzapine (2), quetiapine (3), 5-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-8-chloropyrido[2,3-b][1,5]benzoxazepine fumarate (9), with a clinical or psychopharmacological profile similar to that of clozapine. However, when developing new derivatives, the designers are discouraged by the development of clozapine-induced agranulocytosis. Different researchers have raised the role played by the oxidizability of the molecule in such a deleterious effect. In the present paper, we examined the oxidation profile (direct scavenging abilities, efficacy in inhibiting lipid peroxidation, and electrooxidation potential) of newly developed methoxy and trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy analogues related to clozapine, some of them being described as putative antipsychotic. The oxazepine derivative 7, unlike the other diazepine derivatives (6, 10--12), was not readily oxidized. Using a statistical predictive model for hematotoxicity previously described, 7 was found in the cluster of potentially nontoxic compounds while diazepine derivatives 6 and 10-12 were classified as potentially toxic compounds. Among these original compounds, 7, which presents a preclinical clozapine-like profile and a low sensitivity to oxidation, could be a promising antipsychotic candidate with low side effects. Considering the tricyclic derivatives examined so far, some elements of structure-oxidation relationship (SOR) might be pointed out. Regarding the nature of the tricyclic ring substituent, from the most to the least sensitive to oxidation, the sequence was as follows: HO > Cl > CH(3)O > CF(3)SO(2)O. The nature of the tricyclic ring influenced also the sensitivity to oxidation; the diazepine moiety appeared to be the most reactive ring compared to oxa- and thiazepine congeners. These parameters could be advantageously integrated in the early design of new safer clozapine-like analogues. [less ▲]

Novel inhibitors of the sodium-calcium exchanger: benzene ring analogues of N-guanidino substituted amiloride derivatives

in European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry (2001), 36

The effects of JL 13, a pyridobenzoxazepine with potential atypical antipsychotic activity, in animal models for schizophrenia

in Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (2001), 298

Preparation of mebendazole HP-beta-cyclodextrin complexes using water-soluble polymers and organic acids

in STP Pharma Sciences (2001), 11(6), 439-442

Mebendazole (MBZ) is a carbamate derivative with an aminobenzimidazole structure. It possesses antihelminthic properties and is particularly insoluble in water. In order to increase its aqueous solubility ... [more ▼]

Mebendazole (MBZ) is a carbamate derivative with an aminobenzimidazole structure. It possesses antihelminthic properties and is particularly insoluble in water. In order to increase its aqueous solubility, hydroxpropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HP-beta-CD) was used in combination with water-soluble polymers (polyvinylpyrrolidone or hydroxypropymethyl cellulose) and different organic acids (citric or tartaric). Increased solubility was observed on heating the mixture. The effects of the time and temperature of the heating process on drug solubility and stability were investigated. The results clearly show that the best conditions for increasing solubility and limiting degradation of MBZ is to heat a combination of MBZ, HP-beta-CD (200 mM), tartaric or citric acid (50 mM) and HPMC (0.1% w/v) in a water-bath at 95degreesC for 60 min. This method increases solubility to about 680 mug/ml and limits degradation to 2.5%. [less ▲]

Préparation de complexes mebendazole-HPβCD à l'aide de polymères solubles dans l'eau et d'acides organiques

in Annales Pharmaceutiques Françaises (2001), 59

Preparation of mebendazole HP-b-cyclodextrin complexes using water soluble polymers and organic acids

Conference (2000, April)

The inclusion of fluoxetine into gamma-cyclodextrine increases its bioavailability: behavioural, electrophysiological and pharmacokinetics studies

in Psychopharmacology (2000), 151

Enantiomeric resolution of pirlindole at the preparative scale: derivatization and chromatographic methods

Poster (1999, November 26)

The Inflammatory Reaction Induced by Formalin in the Rat Paw

in Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology (1999), 359(3), 220-7

The involvement of bradykinin and some other inflammatory mediators in formalin-induced oedema and plasma extravasation was examined. Formalin was injected in rat paws at two doses, 1.75% or 5%. The lower ... [more ▼]

The involvement of bradykinin and some other inflammatory mediators in formalin-induced oedema and plasma extravasation was examined. Formalin was injected in rat paws at two doses, 1.75% or 5%. The lower dose induced the development of an immediate oedema associated with a progressive accumulation of 125I-labelled albumin in the paws. These changes were suppressed by pretreatment with capsaicin or xylocaine. They were abolished by RP67580, a NK1 receptor antagonist, and increased by phosphoramidon or diprotin A. They were not affected by HOE140, a bradykinin B2 antagonist, captopril, methysergide, mepyramine, indomethacin, ketoprofen or L-N(G)-nitroarginine. The higher dose of formalin induced a swelling of the paws which took place in two phases associated with two periods of increase in vascular permeability. This oedema was reduced by pretreatment with capsaicin but not with xylocaine. It was reduced by RP67580 injected before or 30 min after formalin. It was inhibited by mepyramine, methysergide, indomethacin and NS-398, a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor. It was not modified by HOE140. Its development was similar in normal and kininogen-deficient rats. We concluded that formalin administered at a low dose induces an oedema which mainly results from a neurogenic inflammation mediated by neuropeptides such as substance P. At higher doses, formalin induces an oedema which mainly depends on the release of substance P, prostanoids, 5-hydroxytryptamine and histamine. Bradykinin plays no significant role in the vascular changes whereas this peptide has been reported to participate in the stimulation of nociceptive afferent neurons. This discrepancy could be explained by a difference in the threshold of stimulation of the nociceptive neurons and that of the cells of the vascular walls, or by a formation of kinins in close contact of the neurons. [less ▲]