Caractérisation et maîtrise des paramètres de la reproduction et de la croissance des ovins Djallonké (Ovis amon aries)

in Annales de Médecine Vétérinaire (2005), 149(3), 148-160

Reproductive, survival and growth traits of the crossbreeding Belgian Texel x Moroccan local breeds of sheep

in 56th Annual Meeting of the European Association for Animal Production, Uppsala, Sweden (2005)

Characterisation and control of the reproduction and growth parameters of Djallonke ovines (Ovis amon aries)

in Annales de Médecine Vétérinaire (2005), 149(3), 148-160

Plusieurs années d’efforts de recherches témoignent que l’élevage des ovins Djallonké est une activité majeure dans l’Afrique subsaharienne, si l’on en juge par la masse des connaissances produites. Les ... [more ▼]

Plusieurs années d’efforts de recherches témoignent que l’élevage des ovins Djallonké est une activité majeure dans l’Afrique subsaharienne, si l’on en juge par la masse des connaissances produites. Les auteurs, au travers d’un inventaire des différentes contributions scientifiques et techniques de 1967 à 2004, rapportent les performances de reproduction et de croissance des ovins Djallonké et les facteurs de leur variation. Les performances de reproduction ont été évaluées au travers de six critères zootechniques : cyclicité sexuelle annuelle, précocité sexuelle, intervalle entre agnelages, productions laitières, prolificité et mortalité des agneaux. Les performances de croissance ont été étudiées pendant deux périodes : la période d’allaitement naturel (croissance entre naissance et sevrage) et la période post sevrage. Les estimations des paramètres génétiques (héritabilité, corrélations génétiques et phénotypiques, répétabilité) de quelques caractères de reproduction et de croissance, ainsi que les résultats d’amélioration génétique, ont été passés en revue. Les conseils pratiques sont loin d’être uniformes étant donné la grande diversité des conditions d’expérimentation et d’analyse entre les différentes publications. [less ▲]

Characteristics of peri-urban dairy herds of Bobo-Dioulasso (Burkina Faso)

in Tropical Animal Health and Production (2004), 36(1), 95-100

Peri-urban dairy cattle farms within 50 km of Bobo-Dioulasso were studied to assess herd type, disease incidence, management, feeding and breeding strategy. Out of 417 cattle farmers, 42% had dairy ... [more ▼]

Peri-urban dairy cattle farms within 50 km of Bobo-Dioulasso were studied to assess herd type, disease incidence, management, feeding and breeding strategy. Out of 417 cattle farmers, 42% had dairy objectives and were studied. Among these peri-urban dairy farmers, 60% were settled, 36% semi-settled, and 4% transhumant. In total, they held 4558 dairy cows, of which 32% lactated during the study. The prevalence of mastitis (55%) increased (p<0.05) with herd size. Advanced strategies for supplementary feeding and breeding were most frequent in small herds (< 30 cattle). None of the large herds ( > 60 cattle) had advanced breeding strategies. Bulls and cows were culled at younger ages in herds with better breeding strategy. Overall, this resulted in higher individual milk offtake in small herds (2.46 L/day) compared with large herds (1.25 L/day). Pure breeds were rarely used, and the presence of Bos taurus baoule naturally selected for trypanotolerance was low. The prevalence of trypanosomosis (40%) in herds dominated by Bos indicus zebu and Mere (Zebu x Baoule) is an argument for maintenance of biodiversity and selection of Baoule for milk production. [less ▲]

Comparison of Belgian Blue x Nelore cross and Braford kept on pasture conditions in Brazil

(2004)

Characteristics of peri-urban dairy herds of Bobo-Dioulasso (Burkina Faso)

in Tropical Animal Health and Production (2004), 36(1), 95-100

Peri-urban dairy cattle farmers within 50 Km of Bobo Dioulasso were studied to assess herd typology, disease incidence, management, feeding and breeding strategy. Of in total 417 cattle farmers, 42 % had ... [more ▼]

Peri-urban dairy cattle farmers within 50 Km of Bobo Dioulasso were studied to assess herd typology, disease incidence, management, feeding and breeding strategy. Of in total 417 cattle farmers, 42 % had dairy objectives and were studied. Amongst these peri-urban dairy farmers, 60% were settled, 36% semi-settled, and 4% transhumant. In total, they held 4558 dairy cows, of which 32% lactated during the study. Prevalence of mastitis (55 %) increased (P<0.05) with herd size. Advanced strategies for supplementary feeding and breeding were most frequent in small herds (<30 cattle). Non of the large herds (>60 cattle) had advanced breeding strategies. Bulls and cows were culled at younger ages in herds with better breeding strategy. All together this resulted in higher individual milk off-take in small herds (2.46 l.d-1) compared with large herds (1.25 l.d-1). Pure breeds were rarely used, especially presence of Bos taurus baoulé naturally selected for trypano-tolerance was low. Prevalence of trypanosomosiasis (40 %) in herds dominated by Bos indicus zebu and Méré (Zebu X Baoulé) is an argument for maintenance of bio-diversity and selection of Baoulé for milk production. [less ▲]

Evolution des programmes d'amélioration génétique de production laitière bovine au Burkina Faso

(2004)

Le développement de la filière "Poulet d'Ardenne" en Région Wallonne

in Troupeaux et cultures des tropiques (2003), 2

Diagnostic et suivi de la gravidité chez le zébu par échographie

in Revue d'Elévage et de Médecine Vétérinaire des Pays Tropicaux (2003), 56(3-4), 171-176

Des diagnostics de gravidité ont été réalisés chez 64 femelles zébus de races Peuhl et Goudali (Bos indicus) aux 28è et 40è jours postinsémination à l'aide d'un échographe muni d'une sonde linéaire de 6 ... [more ▼]

Des diagnostics de gravidité ont été réalisés chez 64 femelles zébus de races Peuhl et Goudali (Bos indicus) aux 28è et 40è jours postinsémination à l'aide d'un échographe muni d'une sonde linéaire de 6 MHz. Au 28è jour, l'exactitude globale a été de 92,2 p. 100, avec une exactitude de 92,6 p. 100 et 91,9 p. 100 respectivement pour les diagnostics positif et négatif. Au 40è jour, l'exactitude globale a été de 98,4 p. 100, avec une exactitude de 100 p. 100 et 97,3 p. 100 respectivement pour les diagnostics positif et négatif. Les fiabilités ont varié de 89,2 p. 100 (fiabilité du diagnostic de gravidité positif au 28è jour) à 100 p. 100 (fiabilité du diagnostic de gravidité négatif au 40è jour). Par ailleurs, la croissance foetale a été suivie chez 16 femelles gravides du 45è au 120è jour postinsémination. Les principales mensurations foetales réalisées ont été les diamètres du crâne et du tronc. Au 45è jour de la gravidité, les diamètres du crâne et du tronc ont été respectivement de 1,8 ± 0,1 cm et 1,4 ± 0,3 cm. Au 120è jour, ces valeurs ont été de 6,5 ± 0,6 cm et 5,8 ± 0,5 cm. A partir du 120è jour, l'utérus a pris une position très profonde, ne permettant plus la visualisation du foetus en croissance. [less ▲]

Effect of somatic growth, strain and sex on double-chamber plethysmographic respiratory function values in healthy mice

in Journal of Applied Physiology (2003), 94

Double-chamber plethysmography has been recognized since 1979 as a reference technique to measure pulmonary function values in guinea pigs, but it has not gained attention for use in mice. Theoretically ... [more ▼]

Double-chamber plethysmography has been recognized since 1979 as a reference technique to measure pulmonary function values in guinea pigs, but it has not gained attention for use in mice. Theoretically, however, this technique combines the advantages of single-chamber plethysmography with a quantitative assessment of flow and/or volume and a calculated resistance, the interpretation of which in terms of bronchoconstriction is not disputed. Here we show that, when appropriately preconditioned, mice are able to gradually grow accustomed to the apparatus and display extremely stable nasal and thoracoabdominal flow tracings. Overall, strain, sex, and somatic growth had a significant effect on pulmonary function values. The changes in specific airway resistance (sRaw) and enhanced pause (Penh) values were never in the same direction, indicating that they measure different things. The respiratory frequency was far higher in C57BL/6 compared with BALB/c mice. Peak flows, minute volume, specific tidal and minute volumes, and sRaw were also higher, but Penh was smaller. Males breathed at a higher frequency than females, leading to a higher minute volume. Nevertheless, the specific volumes were considerably higher among females. Penh was lower in males, whereas sRaw was identical in both sexes. Changes associated with somatic growth were rapid and important between 5 and 9 wk, then slowed down between 9 and 12-13 wk and became almost imperceptible after. [less ▲]