Robot-assisted synthesis of [18F]altanserin, 4-[18F]fluorotropapride, 6-[18F]fluoro-L-dopa and 2-[18F]fluoro-L-tyrosine.

in Journal of Labelled Compounds & Radiopharmaceuticals (1994), 35

Al2O3/KF in radiochemistry: fast preparation of L-[11C-methyl]methionine without HPLC.

in Journal of Nuclear Medicine : Official Publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine (1994), 35

ENANTIOSELECTIVE SYNTHESES OF NCA (S)-L-[BETA-C-11]-4-CHLOROPHENYLALANINE AND (S)-L-(ALPHA-METHYL)-[BETA-C-11]-4-CHLOROPHENYLALANINE

in Applied Radiation & Isotopes (1994), 45(3), 361-369

The radiolabeling of (S)-L-4-chlorophenylalanine and (S)-L-(alpha-methyl)-4-chlorophenylalanine were realized with carbon-11 at position beta through a radiochemical synthesis relying on the highly ... [more ▼]

The radiolabeling of (S)-L-4-chlorophenylalanine and (S)-L-(alpha-methyl)-4-chlorophenylalanine were realized with carbon-11 at position beta through a radiochemical synthesis relying on the highly enantioselective reaction between 4-chloro[alpha-C-11]benzyl bromide and the lithium enolate of (S)-1-(t-butyloxycarbonyl)-2-(t-butyl)-3-methyl-1,3-imidazolidine-4-one for (S)-L-[beta-C-11]-4-chlorophenylalanine and of (2S,5S)-1-(t-butyloxycarbonyl)-2-(t-butyl)-3,5-dimethyl-1,3-imidazolidin e-4-one for (S)-L-(alpha-methyl)-[beta-C-11]-4-chlorophenylalanine. Quantities of about 25-35 mCi were obtained at the end of synthesis, ready for injection, after hydrolysis and HPLC purification with a radiochemical yield of 19% corrected to EOB within 45 min. The enantiomeric excesses were shown to be greater than or equal to 97% for both molecules without chiral separation. The radiochemical and the chemical purities of the final compounds were greater than or equal to 98% and the specific activity at the end of synthesis ranged between 250-800 mCi/mu mol. [less ▲]

Enantioselective synthesis of 6-[fluorine-18]-fluoro-L-dopa from no-carrier-added fluorine-18-fluoride.

in Journal of Nuclear Medicine : Official Publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine (1994), 35(12), 1996-2002

METHODS: A trimethylammonium veratraldehyde triflate was synthesized and used as a precursor for the asymmetric synthesis of 6-[18F]fluoro-L-dopa. RESULTS: Its nucleophilic fluorination with 18F-fluoride ... [more ▼]

METHODS: A trimethylammonium veratraldehyde triflate was synthesized and used as a precursor for the asymmetric synthesis of 6-[18F]fluoro-L-dopa. RESULTS: Its nucleophilic fluorination with 18F-fluoride produced by the 18O(p,n)18F nuclear reaction on enriched 18O-water led to the corresponding no-carrier-added [18F]fluoroveratraldehyde (45 +/- 5% EOB). Diiodosilane was used to prepare the corresponding [18F]fluorobenzyl iodide (36.5 +/- 5.3% EOB). Akylation of (S)-1-tert-boc-2-tert-butyl-3-methyl-4-imidazolidinone with this electrophilic agent, hydrolysis and purification by preparative high-pressure liquid chromatography made 6-[18F]fluoro-L-dopa ready for human injection, in a 23% +/- 6% decay-corrected radiochemical yield. The enantiomeric purity and the specific activity were above 96% and 1 Ci/mumole respectively. CONCLUSION: Through this procedure, starting from 250 mCi of 18F-fluoride, multimillicurie amounts (32 +/- 8.5 mCi) of no-carrier-added 6-[18F]fluoro-L-dopa are now available at the end of synthesis (90 min) with a good radiochemical purity (more than 98%). [less ▲]

Radiochemistry automation for PET

in Stöcklin, G; Pike, V (Eds.) Radiopharmaceuticals for Positron Emission Tomography (1993)

NCA asymmetric synthesis of 2-[18F]fluoro-L-tyrosine.

in Journal of Labelled Compounds & Radiopharmaceuticals (1993), 32

Non-activated 18F-fluorinated aromatic compounds through nucleophilic substitution and decarbonylation reactions using RhCl[P(C6H5)3]3.

in Journal of Labelled Compounds & Radiopharmaceuticals (1993), 32

SYNTHESIS OF F-18 SUBSTITUTED AROMATIC-ALDEHYDES AND BENZYL BROMIDES, NEW INTERMEDIATES FOR NCA [F-18] FLUORINATION

in Applied Radiation & Isotopes (1992), 43(4), 485-494

The synthesis of various [F-18]fluoroaromatic aldehydes using activated nitro precursors and aminopolyether supported nucleophilic substitution with F-18(-) is reported. These radiolabelled fluorinated ... [more ▼]

The synthesis of various [F-18]fluoroaromatic aldehydes using activated nitro precursors and aminopolyether supported nucleophilic substitution with F-18(-) is reported. These radiolabelled fluorinated aldehydes (radiochemical yields: 50-75%) are powerful key intermediates leading after treatment with NaBH4 and SOBr2 (SOCl2) to further active intermediates for example substituted [F-18]fluorobenzyl bromides (yields 30-50% EOB). These benzaldehydes and bromides are particularly useful for the preparation of new radiopharmaceuticals (e.g. fluorotroprapride, fluorodexetimide) either by reductive amination or by aromatic N-alkylation. The preparation of various amino acids in D, L (50:50) or enriched L form by asymmetric synthesis is also possible (e.g. L-6-[F-18]fluorodopa, L-4-[F-18]fluoro-m-tyrosine). It can be anticipated that the F-18-labelled fluoroaldehydes will find widespread application in radiopharmaceutical chemistry. [less ▲]

Amino acids for the measurement of protein synthesis in vivo by PET.

in International Journal of Radiation Applications and Instrumentation. Part B : Nuclear Medicine and Biology (1992), 19(2), 227-37

In principle, PET in combination with amino acids labelled with positron-emitting radionuclides and kinetic metabolic models, can quantify local protein synthesis rates in tissue in vivo. These PET ... [more ▼]

In principle, PET in combination with amino acids labelled with positron-emitting radionuclides and kinetic metabolic models, can quantify local protein synthesis rates in tissue in vivo. These PET measurements have clinical potential in, for example, oncology, neurology and psychiatry. An optimal positron-emitting amino acid for the measurement of PSR has a high protein incorporation, can easily be prepared by automated equipment and has minimal non-protein radioactive metabolites. Presently L-[methyl-11C]methionine, L-[1-11C]leucine, L-[1-11C]tyrosine, L-[1-11C]phenylalanine, L-[1-11C]methionine and L-[2-18F]fluorotyrosine are under evaluation in normal volunteers and/or in patients. Several other amino acids are suggested. No comparison of the clinical usefulness of the different amino acids in man is yet available. Because of the longer half life of 18F compared to 11C, [18F]fluoro amino acids may have advantages over [11C]amino acids for the investigation of tissue with relative slow protein synthesis, such as brain, and for application in institutions with an off site, but nearby cyclotron. The half life of [13N]amino acids is considered to be too short for flexible clinical application. As yet no metabolic compartmental model has been investigated for [13N]amino acids. For routine application reliable preparation of the radiopharmaceutical is essential. Of all the amino acids under evaluation, a reliable, high yield, easy to automate production procedure is available for L-[methyl-11C]methionine only. It is however unlikely that this tracer can accurately measure PSR because of its non-protein metabolism. For the other amino acids the main problems in production are associated with complex multistep syntheses and/or low radiochemical yields, complex purification methods and the need to isolate the L-enantiomer. The kinetic metabolic models under investigation, consist of 4 or 5 compartments depending on the necessity to compensate for labelled metabolites. The metabolic profile of the amino acids is mainly extracted from animal experiments. Because of the number and amount of labelled metabolites in plasma, [11C]carboxylic labelled amino acids are preferred to amino acids with carbon-11 in another position. As yet no recommendation can be given on the optimal labelled amino acid(s) for PSR measurement in vivo nor on the methods to prepare the amino acids reported for this purpose. [less ▲]

SYNTHESIS OF NONACTIVATED F-18 FLUORINATED AROMATIC-COMPOUNDS THROUGH NUCLEOPHILIC-SUBSTITUTION AND DECARBOXYLATION REACTIONS

in Applied Radiation & Isotopes (1992), 43(8), 1035-1040

The synthesis of no-carrier-added 3-[F-18]fluoroanisole, 2-[F-18]fluoroanisole, [F-18]fluorobenzene and 4-[F-18]fluoroveratrole are reported. The strategy consists of amino-polyether supported ... [more ▼]

The synthesis of no-carrier-added 3-[F-18]fluoroanisole, 2-[F-18]fluoroanisole, [F-18]fluorobenzene and 4-[F-18]fluoroveratrole are reported. The strategy consists of amino-polyether supported nucleophilic substitution with [F-18]F- on activated nitro aromatic aldehyde precursors followed by decarbonylation using Tris(triphenylphosphine) rhodium (I) chloride. The experimental parameters for this reaction have been studied and optimized with 2-[F-18]fluoro-4-methoxybenzaldehyde and then successfully applied to four other F-18-fluorinated aromatic aldehydes. The decarbonylation yields obtained were 84 +/- 5% (corrected for decay) within 15 min at 150-degrees-C in 1,4-dioxan. [less ▲]