Mechanics of breathing during strenuous exercise in Thoroughbred horses

in Respiration Physiology (1990), 82(3), 279-294

The changes induced by exercise on the mechanics of breathing, as well as the simultaneous changes occurring in arterial blood gas tensions and in respiratory gas exchange were investigated in 6 healthy ... [more ▼]

The changes induced by exercise on the mechanics of breathing, as well as the simultaneous changes occurring in arterial blood gas tensions and in respiratory gas exchange were investigated in 6 healthy thoroughbred horses, performing a treadmill exercise of increasing intensity. Respiratory airflow and tidal volume (VT) were measured with ultrasonic flowmeters. Pleural pressure changes were measured by an oesophageal balloon catheter. Gas concentration of the expired air was analysed with a mass spectrometer; the oxygen consumption (VO2) and the carbon dioxide output (VCO2) were computed breath-by-breath. Arterial blood gas values were obtained by sampling from the carotid artery. Between rest and fast gallop VT, respiratory frequency, expired minute ventilation (VE), VO2, VCO2, total pulmonary resistance (RL), mechanical work of breathing (Wrm) and PaCO2 increased significantly while PaO2 decreased significantly. The Wrm.VO2(-1) ratio in galloping horses increased exponentially with VE. This, together with the relationship between the changes in PaO2 and in PaCO2 and the increase in the ventilatory mechanics parameters, suggests that the mechanics of breathing may be one of the factors constraining further increase in ventilation in exercising healthy horses. [less ▲]

Respiratory-Induced Variability of Pulmonary Arterial Pressure Measurements in Cattle

in Veterinary Research Communications (1990), 14(3), 227-33

The purpose of this study was to investigate the variability of the peak systolic (PAPs) and the end diastolic (PAPd) pulmonary arterial pressures induced by intrapleural pressure changes in cattle. The ... [more ▼]

The purpose of this study was to investigate the variability of the peak systolic (PAPs) and the end diastolic (PAPd) pulmonary arterial pressures induced by intrapleural pressure changes in cattle. The pleural pressure (Ppl), the electrocardiogram and the pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) were simultaneously recorded in five healthy calves under three different conditions, i.e. normoxia (N), normoxia with an added airflow resistance (R) and hypoxia (H). PAPs, PAPd and their corresponding transmural pressures were measured and averaged over 10 successive regular cardiac cycles. The maximum Ppl changes (max delta Ppl) were measured on the same tracings. The variance and coefficients of variation were calculated for each set of vascular measurements. Max delta Ppl was significantly increased with regard to N values during R and H conditions. This increase in max delta Ppl induced a simultaneous rise in the variability of PAP measurements, while in each condition, this variability was greatly lowered by use of the corresponding transmural pressure. It was concluded that, in calves with high max delta Ppl, the influence of respiration on PAP becomes considerable. In such cases, the use of transmural pressures rather than luminal pressures can greatly reduce the variability of these pulmonary pressure measurements and therefore increase their sensitivity. [less ▲]

Ventilatory response to helium-oxygen breathing in exercising ponies

in Archives Internationales de Physiologie et de Biochimie (1989), 97(3), 40

Aerosol serotoninergic responses in respiratory mechanics of healthy calves

in Proceedings of the 8th Comparative Respiratory Society Meeting (1989)

Direct measurement of static chest wall compliance in unsedated calves

in Proceedings of the 8th Comparative Respiratory Society Meeting (1989)

Effect of acute hypoxia on the bovine ventilatory mechanics

in Archives Internationales de Physiologie et de Biochimie (1989)

Maximal diaphragmatic strength measurement in healthy unsedated calves

in Archives Internationales de Physiologie et de Biochimie (1989)

Inertial pressures in exercising ponies

in Archives Internationales de Physiologie et de Biochimie (1989)

Effect of acute hypoxia on the pulmonary haemodynamics in two different breeds of cattle

in Archives Internationales de Physiologie et de Biochimie (1989)

Inertance of the Respiratory System in Ponies

in Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) (1989), 67(2), 534-540

The purpose of the present work was to measure the pulmonary inertance (IL) in ponies and to analyze its potential influence on the mechanics of breathing and on their aptitude to increase ventilation ... [more ▼]

The purpose of the present work was to measure the pulmonary inertance (IL) in ponies and to analyze its potential influence on the mechanics of breathing and on their aptitude to increase ventilation during exercise. Five healthy ponies 2.4-4 yr old [mean wt 255 +/- 15 (SE) kg] were used. On the one hand, inertance of the respiratory system (Irs) was computed from the value of the resonant frequency (fr) measured by the forced oscillation technique. On the other hand, respiratory airflow, tidal volume (VT), and transpulmonary pressure (PL) changes were recorded while the ponies were performing a light treadmill exercise, and IL was calculated as the ratio of the associated differences in inertial pressure (delta Pin) to volume acceleration (delta V). Respiratory airflow and VT were measured with a Fleisch pneumotachograph (no. 5) and PL with an intraesophageal balloon catheter. First, the protocol was carried out with the ponies breathing air and He-O2, second, while the ponies breathed through two additional tubes (100 cm long, 3 cm ID), then one, and finally none, fixed on the Fleisch pneumotachograph. Finally, the contribution of the extra- vs. the intrathoracic airways to IL was estimated by measuring the lateral midtracheal pressure recorded simultaneously with the aforementioned parameters. The values of Irs calculated with fr and of IL calculated on the basis of the delta Pin-delta V ratio were 29.8 +/- 0.4 and 19.8 +/- 1.0.10(-4) kPa.l-1.s-2, respectively. During He-O2 breathing IL decreased about three times; this result was similar to the predicted decrease based on gas density only.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) [less ▲]