A therapeutic strategy for treatment of the bovine respiratory disease complex: The rationale for the combination of a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug with an antibiotic

in Cattle Practice (2007), 15(Part 2), 115-119

The bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC) can be caused by a number of factors involving the animal, its environment, and the presence of infectious agents. The syndrome can be classified into four ... [more ▼]

The bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC) can be caused by a number of factors involving the animal, its environment, and the presence of infectious agents. The syndrome can be classified into four grades: Grade 1, subclinical disease; Grade 2, compensated clinical disease; Grade 3, noncompensated clinical disease; and Grade 4, irreversible clinical disease, which threatens the animal's survival. The predisposition of cattle, especially beef calves, to respiratory problems is related to their lack of functional pulmonary hardiness. Selection of breeds that demonstrate adequate pulmonary function and sufficient ventilatory reserve may help in the control of BRDC, but this approach is difficult to implement and slow to produce results. Prophylactic measures, including vaccination programmes and modifying management practices to reduce stress, also have a place in prevention of BRDC. A therapeutic strategy to minimise the economic impact of BRDC includes the use of appropriate antibacterial therapy, modulation of the pulmonary inflammatory reaction, and correction of mechanical disorders. Most cattle affected by BRDC are classified as Grade 3. In these cases, irreversible damage to the lung can only be avoided by simultaneous control of bacterial infection and local inflammation. The basic therapeutic strategy described in this article involves the combination of an antibiotic, such as florfenicol, to act against the relevant pathogens and a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), such as flunixin, to act against the deleterious effects of inflammation [less ▲]

Current treatment of respiratory inflammatory disorders in the horse

in XVII. Tagung über Pferdekrankheiten im Rahmen der EQUITANA (2007)

Effect of exercise and training on oxygen transport in healthy standardbred horses

in Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine (2007), 21

De novo C16- and C24-ceramide generation contributes to spontaneous neutrophil apoptosis.

in Journal of Leukocyte Biology (2007), 81(6), 1477-1486

Neutrophils rapidly undergo spontaneous apoptosis following their release from the bone marrow. Although central to leukocyte homeostasis, the mechanisms that regulate neutrophil apoptosis remain poorly ... [more ▼]

Neutrophils rapidly undergo spontaneous apoptosis following their release from the bone marrow. Although central to leukocyte homeostasis, the mechanisms that regulate neutrophil apoptosis remain poorly understood. We show here that apoptosis of cultured neutrophils is preceded by a substantial increase in the intracellular levels of 16 and 24 carbon atom (C(16)- and C(24))-ceramides, which are lipid second messengers of apoptosis and stress signaling. Treatment of neutrophils with fumonisin B(2), a selective inhibitor of the de novo pathway of ceramide synthesis, prevented accumulation of C(16)- and C(24)-ceramides. Moreover, fumonisin B(2) significantly reduced caspase-3, -8, and -9 activation and apoptosis in these cells. Conversely, 3-O-methylsphingomyelin and fantofarone, which are specific inhibitors of neutral and acid sphingomyelinases, respectively, neither inhibited C(16)- and C(24)-ceramide production nor decreased the apoptosis rate in neutrophils, indicating that in these cells, ceramides are not generated from membrane sphingomyelin. Further experiments showed that increasing endogenous C(16)- and C(24)-ceramide levels by using DL-threo-1-phenyl-2-palmitoylamino-3-morpholino-1-propanol and (1S,2R)-D-erythro-2-(N-myristoylamino)-1-phenyl-1-propanol, two inhibitors of ceramide metabolism, enhances caspase-3, -8, and -9 activity and increases neutrophil apoptosis. Similarly, apoptosis was induced rapidly when synthetic C(16)- and/or C(24)-ceramides were added to neutrophil cultures. Finally, GM-CSF, a cytokine that delays neutrophil apoptosis, abrogated C(16)- and C(24)-ceramide accumulation totally in cultured neutrophils, whereas Fas ligation accelerated apoptosis in these cells without affecting de novo ceramide production. We conclude that de novo generation of C(16)- and C(24)-ceramides contributes to spontaneous neutrophil apoptosis via caspase activation and that GM-CSF exerts its antiapoptotic effects on neutrophils, at least partly through inhibition of ceramide accumulation. [less ▲]

Dendritic cells genetically engineered to express IL-10 induce long-lasting antigen-specific tolerance in experimental asthma

Poster (2007)

BILAN MEDICO-SPORTIF DU YEARLING A L’ENTRAINEMENT

in 35èmes Journées AVEF (2007)

Contribution potentielle du microdamier d’expression dans la caractérisation d’un profil inflammatoire chez le cheval

in 35èmes Journées AVEF (2007)

Caractériser un profil inflammatoire grâce à l'utilisation du microdamier

Poster (2007)

Helenalin reduces Staphylococcus aureus infection in vitro and in vivo

in Veterinary Microbiology (2007), 119(2-4), 330-338

Staphylococcus (S.) aureus is a major udder pathogen causing bovine mastitis. Some pro-inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), enhance extracellular and intracellular ... [more ▼]

Staphylococcus (S.) aureus is a major udder pathogen causing bovine mastitis. Some pro-inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), enhance extracellular and intracellular growth of S. aureus, indicating that the inflammatory process favors S. aureus infection. Helenalin is a sesquiterpene lactone with potent anti-inflammatory properties. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of helenalin on S. aureus infection. First, in vitro experiments were conducted. These studies revealed that proliferation of S. aureus in bovine mammary epithelial MAC-T cells treated in the presence or absence of TNF-alpha was markedly reduced in the presence of helenalin. Secondly, in vivo effects of helenalin were investigated. Lactating mice treated in the presence or absence of helenalin were challenged by the intramammary route with S. aureus and the bacteria in the mammary glands were counted 12 h after infection. Significantly less numbers of bacteria were recovered from the infected glands of helenalin-treated mice compared with untreated mice. Moreover, histological examination of mammary tissue from helenalin-treated mice that were challenged with S. aureus indicated that helenalin is able to significantly reduce leukocyte infiltration in the mammary gland following S. aureus inoculation. Our results show that helenalin reduces S. aureus intracellular growth and experimental S. aureus infection. We conclude that helenalin may be of potential interest in the treatment of S. aureus-induced mastitis in the bovine species. [less ▲]

Tableau clinique et mécanismes physiopathologiques des principales maladies inflammatoires chroniques des voies respiratoires du cheval

in Annales de Médecine Vétérinaire (2006), 150(4), 227-240

The respiratory tract of the horse can be the seat of several chronic inflammatory diseases whose principal ones are the recurrent airway obstruction, the inflammatory airway disease, the summer pasture ... [more ▼]

The respiratory tract of the horse can be the seat of several chronic inflammatory diseases whose principal ones are the recurrent airway obstruction, the inflammatory airway disease, the summer pasture-associated obstructive pulmonary disease and the follicular pharyngitis. These diseases can have an important impact on horses’ health and on their sports performances. A good knowledge of their aetiologies and their physiopathological mechanisms would allow a better control of these affections. However, even if many studies were made on this subject, there are currently very few certainties as for the inflammatory mechanisms governing these diseases. This article aims to make an inventory of knowledge and deficiencies concerning these four chronic inflammatory diseases [less ▲]