Evaluation of a Model-Based Hemodynamic Monitoring Method in a Porcine Study of Septic Shock

in Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine (2013)

Effects of Large-Pore Hemofiltration in a Swine Model of Fulminant Hepatic Failure.

in Artificial Organs (2012), 36(11), 981-987

Among the different potential mechanisms that could lead to brain edema and intracranial hypertension in fulminant hepatic failure (FHF), the inflammatory hypothesis implies that systemic inflammation ... [more ▼]

Among the different potential mechanisms that could lead to brain edema and intracranial hypertension in fulminant hepatic failure (FHF), the inflammatory hypothesis implies that systemic inflammation might be in part responsible for an increase in cerebral blood flow (CBF) and brain water content. In this study, the authors used a validated ischemic FHF swine model to evaluate the effects of 80 kDa large-pore membrane hemofiltration (LPHF) on intracranial pressure (ICP) and CBF, in relation with the clearance of proinflammatory cytokines and blood liver tests, as primary end points. Fifteen pigs were randomized into one of three groups: SHAM, FHF, and FHF + LPHF. All experiments lasted 6 h. In the FHF groups, liver failure was induced by liver ischemia. After 2 h, the FHF + LPHF group underwent 4 h of a zero-balance continuous veno-venous hemofiltration using a 0.7-m(2) , large-pore (78 A) membrane with a cutoff of 80 kDa. ICP, CBF, mean arterial pressure, central venous pressure, and heart rate were continuously monitored and recorded. Arterial aspartate aminotransferase, total bilirubin, creatinine, international normalized ratio, glucose, lactate and serum cytokines interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha were measured at T0, T120, and T360. Over the 6 h following liver ischemia, the FHF group developed a significant increase in ICP. This ICP rise was not observed in the SHAM group and was attenuated in the FHF + LDHF group. However, the ICP levels were not different at T360 in the FHF + LDHF group compared to the FHF group. No significant effect of LPHF on liver tests or levels of proinflammatory cytokines could be demonstrated. In this model, 80 kDa LPHF was not efficient to control FHF intracranial hypertension and to decrease serum cytokine levels. [less ▲]

Beat-to-beat estimation of the continuous left and right cardiac elastance from metrics commonly available in clinical settings

in BioMedical Engineering OnLine (2012)

Introduction: Functional time-varying cardiac elastances (FTVE) contain a rich amount of information about the specific cardiac state of a patient. However, a FTVE waveform is very invasive to directly ... [more ▼]

Introduction: Functional time-varying cardiac elastances (FTVE) contain a rich amount of information about the specific cardiac state of a patient. However, a FTVE waveform is very invasive to directly measure, and is thus currently not used in clinical practice. This paper presents a method for the estimation of a patient specific FTVE, using only metrics that are currently available in a clinical setting. Method: Correlations are defined between invasively measured FTVE waveforms and the aortic and pulmonary artery pressures from 2 cohorts of porcine subjects, 1 induced with pulmonary embolism, the other with septic shock. These correlations are then used to estimate the FTVE waveform based on the individual aortic and pulmonary artery pressure waveforms, using the “other” dysfunction’s correlations as a cross validation. Results: The cross validation resulted in 1.26% and 2.51% median errors for the left and right FTVE respectively on pulmonary embolism, while the septic shock cohort had 2.54% and 2.90% median errors. Conclusions: The presented method accurately and reliably estimated a patient specific FTVE, with no added risk to the patient. The cross validation shows that the method is not dependent on dysfunction and thus has the potential for generalisation beyond pulmonary embolism and septic shock. [less ▲]

Structural model of the mitral valve included in a cardiovascular closed loop model. Static and dynamic validation

in proceedings of 8th IFAC Symposium on Biological and Medical Systems, Budapest 29-31 août 2012 (2012, August 31)

Le débit de filtration glomérulaire est-il un déterminant de la concentration plasmatique du NGAL aux soins intensifs ?

Poster (2012)

NAVA enhances tidal volume and diaphragmatic electro-myographic activity matching: a Range90 analysis of supply and demand

in Journal of Clinical Monitoring and Computing (2012)

Neurally adjusted ventilatory assist (NAVA) is a ventilation assist mode that delivers pressure in proportionality to electrical activity of the diaphragm (Eadi). Compared to pressure support ventilation ... [more ▼]

Neurally adjusted ventilatory assist (NAVA) is a ventilation assist mode that delivers pressure in proportionality to electrical activity of the diaphragm (Eadi). Compared to pressure support ventilation (PS), it improves patient-ventilator synchrony and should allow a better expression of patient's intrinsic respiratory variability. We hypothesize that NAVA provides better matching in ventilator tidal volume (Vt) to patients inspiratory demand. 22 patients with acute respiratory failure, ventilated with PS were included in the study. A comparative study was carried out between PS and NAVA, with NAVA gain ensuring the same peak airway pressure as PS. Robust coefficients of variation (CVR) for Eadi and Vt were compared for each mode. The integral of Eadi (sh{phonetic}Eadi) was used to represent patient's inspiratory demand. To evaluate tidal volume and patient's demand matching, Range90 = 5-95 % range of the Vt/sh{phonetic}Eadi ratio was calculated, to normalize and compare differences in demand within and between patients and modes. In this study, peak Eadi and sh{phonetic}Eadi are correlated with median correlation of coefficients, R > 0.95. Median sh{phonetic}Eadi, Vt, neural inspiratory time (Ti_ <br /> Neural), inspiratory time (Ti) and peak inspiratory pressure (PIP) were similar in PS and NAVA. However, it was found that individual patients have higher or smaller sh{phonetic}Eadi, Vt, Ti_ <br /> Neural, Ti and PIP. CVR analysis showed greater Vt variability for NAVA (p < 0.005). Range90 was lower for NAVA than PS for 21 of 22 patients. NAVA provided better matching of Vt to sh{phonetic}Eadi for 21 of 22 patients, and provided greater variability Vt. These results were achieved regardless of differences in ventilatory demand (Eadi) between patients and modes. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media New York. [less ▲]

Arterial dP/dtmax accurately reflects left ventricular contractility during shock when adequate vascular filling is achieved

in BMC Cardiovascular Disorders (2012), 12:13

Background: Peak first derivative of femoral artery pressure (arterial dP/dt max) derived from fluid-filled catheter remains questionable to assess left ventricular (LV) contractility during shock. The ... [more ▼]

Background: Peak first derivative of femoral artery pressure (arterial dP/dt max) derived from fluid-filled catheter remains questionable to assess left ventricular (LV) contractility during shock. The aim of this study was to test if arterial dP/dt maxis reliable for assessing LV contractility during various hemodynamic conditions such as endotoxin-induced shock and catecholamine infusion.Methods: Ventricular pressure-volume data obtained with a conductance catheter and invasive arterial pressure obtained with a fluid-filled catheter were continuously recorded in 6 anaesthetized and mechanically ventilated pigs. After a stabilization period, endotoxin was infused to induce shock. Catecholamines were transiently administrated during shock. Arterial dP/dt maxwas compared to end-systolic elastance (Ees), the gold standard method for assessing LV contractility.Results: Endotoxin-induced shock and catecholamine infusion lead to significant variations in LV contractility. Overall, significant correlation (r = 0.51; p < 0.001) but low agreement between the two methods were observed. However, a far better correlation with a good agreement were observed when positive-pressure ventilation induced an arterial pulse pressure variation (PPV) ≤ 11% (r = 0.77; p < 0.001).Conclusion: While arterial dP/dt maxand Ees were significantly correlated during various hemodynamic conditions, arterial dP/dt maxwas more accurate for assessing LV contractility when adequate vascular filling, defined as PPV ≤ 11%, was achieved. © 2012 Morimont et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. [less ▲]

Physiological relevance and performance of a minimal lung model -- an experimental study in healthy and acute respiratory distress syndrome model piglets

in BMC Pulmonary Medicine (2012), 12:59

Background: Mechanical ventilation (MV) is the primary form of support for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) patients. However, intra- and inter- patient-variability reduce the efficacy of ... [more ▼]

Background: Mechanical ventilation (MV) is the primary form of support for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) patients. However, intra- and inter- patient-variability reduce the efficacy of general protocols. Model-based approaches to guide MV can be patient-specific. A physiological relevant minimal model and its patient-specific performance are tested to see if it meets this objective above. Methods: Healthy anesthetized piglets weighing 24.0 kg [IQR: 21.0-29.6] underwent a step-wise PEEP increase manoeuvre from 5cmH2O to 20cmH2O. They were ventilated under volume control using Engstrom Care Station (Datex, General Electric, Finland), with pressure, flow and volume profiles recorded. ARDS was then induced using oleic acid. The data were analyzed with a Minimal Model that identifies patient-specific mean threshold opening and closing pressure (TOP and TCP), and standard deviation (SD) of these TOP and TCP distributions. The trial and use of data were approved by the Ethics Committee of the Medical Faculty of the University of Liege, Belgium.Results and discussions3 of the 9 healthy piglets developed ARDS, and these data sets were included in this study. Model fitting error during inflation and deflation, in healthy or ARDS state is less than 5.0% across all subjects, indicating that the model captures the fundamental lung mechanics during PEEP increase. Mean TOP was 42.4cmH2O [IQR: 38.2-44.6] at PEEP = 5cmH2O and decreased with PEEP to 25.0cmH2O [IQR: 21.5-27.1] at PEEP = 20cmH2O. In contrast, TCP sees a reverse trend, increasing from 10.2cmH2O [IQR: 9.0-10.4] to 19.5cmH2O [IQR: 19.0-19.7]. Mean TOP increased from average 21.2-37.4cmH2O to 30.4-55.2cmH2O between healthy and ARDS subjects, reflecting the higher pressure required to recruit collapsed alveoli. Mean TCP was effectively unchanged. Conclusion: The minimal model is capable of capturing physiologically relevant TOP, TCP and SD of both healthy and ARDS lungs. The model is able to track disease progression and the response to treatment. [less ▲]

Performance of lung recruitment model in healthy anesthetised pigs

in Proceedings of the World Congress on Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering 2012 (2012)

Estimating afterload, systemic vascular resistance and pulmonary vascular resistance in an intensive care setting

in Proceedings of BMS2012 (2012)