Effect of obesity in dogs on airway reactivity measured by barometric whole body plethysmography

in 16th ECVIM Meeting - Amsterdam - Nederlands - Septembre 2006 (2006, September)

Evaluation of respiratory function by barometric whole-body plethysmography in healthy dogs

in Veterinary Journal (2006), 172(1), 67-77

The objective of the present study was to assess the validity of barometric whole-body plethysmography (BWBP), to establish reference values, and to standardise a bronchoprovocative test to investigate ... [more ▼]

The objective of the present study was to assess the validity of barometric whole-body plethysmography (BWBP), to establish reference values, and to standardise a bronchoprovocative test to investigate airway responsiveness using BWBP in healthy dogs. BWBP measurements were obtained from six healthy beagle dogs using different protocols: (1) during three consecutive periods (3.5 min each) in two morning and two evening sessions; (2) before and after administration of two protocols of sedation; (3) before and after nebulisation of saline and increasing concentrations of carbachol and histamine both in conscious dogs and in dogs under both protocols of sedation. Enhanced pause (PENH) was used as index of bronchoconstriction. Basal BWBP measurements were also obtained in 22 healthy dogs of different breeds, age and weight. No significant influence of either time spent in the chamber or daytime was found for most respiratory variables but a significant dog effect was detected for most variables. A significant body weight effect was found on tidal volume and peak flow values (P < 0.05). Response to carbachol was not reproducible and always associated with side effects. Nebulisation of histamine induced a significant increase in respiratory rate, peak expiratory flow, peak expiratory flow/peak inspiratory flow ratio and PENH (P < 0.05). The response was reproduced in each dog at different concentrations of histamine. Sedation with acepromazine + buprenorphine had little influence on basal measurements and did not change the results of histamine challenge. It was concluded that BWBP is a safe, non invasive and reliable technique of investigation of lung function in dogs which provides new opportunities to characterise respiratory status, to evaluate airway hyperresponsiveness and to assess therapeutic interventions. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. [less ▲]

Inhaled fluticasone reduces bronchial responsiveness and airway inflammation in cats with mild chronic bronchitis

in Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery (2006), 8(1), 45-54

This study investigated the effect of inhaled fluticasone on lower airway inflammation and bronchial responsiveness (BR) to inhaled carbachol in cats with very mild, chronic bronchitis (n = 5) that were ... [more ▼]

This study investigated the effect of inhaled fluticasone on lower airway inflammation and bronchial responsiveness (BR) to inhaled carbachol in cats with very mild, chronic bronchitis (n = 5) that were compared with healthy cats serving as controls (n = 6). Chest radiographs, BR tests performed non-invasively by barometric whole body plethysmography (BWBP) and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) were performed before and after treatment. BR was quantified by calculating the concentration of carbachol inducing bronchoconstriction (C-Penh300%), defined as a 300% increase of baseline Penh, an index of bronchoconstriction obtained by BWBP. BAL fluid was analyzed cytologically and the oxidant marker 8-iso-PGF(2 alpha) was determined. At test 1, healthy cats and cats with bronchitis were untreated, whereas for test 2 inhalant fluticasone (250 mu g once daily) was administrated for 2 consecutive weeks to cats with bronchitis. Control cats remained untreated. Inhaled fluticasone induced a significant increase in C-Penh300% and a significant decrease of BAL fluid total cells, macrophages, neutrophils and 8-iso-PGF(2 alpha) in cats with bronchitis, whilst untreated control cats did not show significant changes over time. This study shows that a 2-week fluticasone treatment significantly reduced lower airway inflammation in very mild bronchitis. BR could be successfully monitored in cats using BWPB and decreased significantly in response to inhaled fluticasone. 8-Iso-PGF(2 alpha) in BAL fluid was responsive to treatment and appeared as a sensitive biomarker of lower airway inflammation in cats. [less ▲]

Whole body barometric plethysmography measurements in dogs with brachycephalic airway obstruction syndrome : preliminary results

in 15th ESVIM Meeting - Glasgow - Ecosse - Septembre 2005 (2005, September)

Effects of feeding frequency on water intake in cats

in Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine (2005, May)

Oxidants and airway inflammation

in 3rd World Equine Airways Symposium (WEAS) (2005)

Comparison between Pulmonary Resistance and Penh in Anaesthetised Rats with Tracheal Diameter Reduction and after Carbachol Inhalation

in Journal of Pharmacological & Toxicological Methods (2005), 51(2, Mar-Apr), 123-128

Introduction: Single-chambered barometric whole-body plethysmography is frequently used as a noninvasive lung function test. However, the validity of the enhanced Pause (Penh), an index of airflow ... [more ▼]

Introduction: Single-chambered barometric whole-body plethysmography is frequently used as a noninvasive lung function test. However, the validity of the enhanced Pause (Penh), an index of airflow limitation, remains controversial. We compared Penh with pulmonary resistance (R(L)) to test whether Penh detects tracheal subobstruction and carbachol-induced airflow limitation in spontaneously breathing, anaesthetised rats. Methods: Fourteen male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent tracheal catheterisation, followed by measurements of R(L) and Penh. Six rats underwent tracheal subobstruction by the consecutive insertion into the lumen of the tracheal tube of two catheters of decreasing diameter. Eight rats received an inhaled saline challenge, followed by two noncumulative nebulizations of carbachol (1.25 mg/mL, 1 min). Results: In rats with tracheal calibre reductions, R(L) significantly increased at each reduction (0.218+/-0.052 vs. 0.417+/-0.058 vs. 0.820+/-0.258 cm H(2)O/mL s, p<0.05), whereas Penh only increased after the last reduction (1.88+/-0.25 vs. 2.47+/-0.26, p<0.05). Increases (Delta) of R(L) and Penh were not correlated. In comparison to postsaline values, carbachol induced a significant increase of Penh (1.93+/-0.44 vs. 4.05+/-1.45, p<0.005) and R(L) (0.137+/-0.04 vs. 0.284+/-0.084 cm H(2)O/mL.s, p<0.005). DeltaPenh and DeltaR(L) were significantly correlated (r=0.80, p<0.05). Discussion: This study showed, by comparing Penh with R(L), that single-chambered plethysmography measuring Penh allows to detect carbachol-induced airflow limitation in spontaneously breathing, anaesthetised Sprague-Dawley rats, but poorly detects an increase in R(L) due to tracheal calibre reductions. These findings suggest that Penh might be only be used as an index of airflow limitation under well-defined experimental conditions. [less ▲]

Effect of substance 101333-3 on emphysema and MMP activity in a model of cadmium-induced emphysema

in European Respiratory Journal (2005), 579s

Evaluation expérimentale de la fonction pulmonaire chez le porc

in Annales de Médecine Vétérinaire (2004), (148), 91-96

This synthesis aims to review the pulmonary function tests available in swine. Two techniques are used in order to measure the variations of the mechanical properties of the respiratory system. The ... [more ▼]

This synthesis aims to review the pulmonary function tests available in swine. Two techniques are used in order to measure the variations of the mechanical properties of the respiratory system. The oesophageal balloon remains the most used technique in order to determine these properties in pigs. However, it requires a systematic anaesthesia of the animal. The impulse oscillometry specifically measures the mechanical properties of the respiratory system, by a non invasive way, but the animals have to be trained to be immobilized or sedated to perform the measurement. The whole body arometric plethysmography allows measuring the respiratory pattern in unsedated freely moving piglets. That method allows investigating pigs for long term studies while minimizing the stress related to handling. From this point of view, it represents the less stressing technique for pigs. Finally, blood gases analysis is the easiest method to use in the field. It permits to assess respiratory function by measuring pH and blood partial pressures in oxygen and carbon dioxide [less ▲]

Spécificités cardiorespiratoires des ânes

in Proceedings: Congrès de l'Association Vétérinaire Equine Française (AVEF) (2004)

A group of 22 donkeys underwent a series of non-invasive cardiorespiratory tests in order to establish the reference standards for this species and compare the results with those for horses. For ... [more ▼]

A group of 22 donkeys underwent a series of non-invasive cardiorespiratory tests in order to establish the reference standards for this species and compare the results with those for horses. For particular tests (haematology, measurement of arterial blood gases, electrocardiogram width phonocardiogram, thoracic radiographs, cardiac echocardiography), no major différences were found. However, the mechanical ventilation parameters differed from those for horses and were similar to those for food-producing animals (cattle). The conformation of the pharynx and larynx is slightly différent to that of horses making it more difficult to pass an endoscope through this area. The differencial leukocyte count from tracheal lavage includes a number of epithelial cells, and a higher percentage of eosinophils and neutrophils for donkeys compared to horses. These similarities and différences between donkeys and horses should be taken into account when performing ancillary tests. [less ▲]