Tendon lesion and VEGF-111 injectionKaux, Jean-François ; Drion, Pierre ; Libertiaux, Vincent et alPoster (2010, November 25) Introduction: Tendon lesion is one of the most frequent pathology in sports and by physical workers. This pathology often becomes chronic. For this reason, it is of interest to develop new treatments ... [more ▼] Introduction: Tendon lesion is one of the most frequent pathology in sports and by physical workers. This pathology often becomes chronic. For this reason, it is of interest to develop new treatments. Injection of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) seems to be a promising one by releasing growth factors (GF) locally. Among all the GF released by activated platelets, the vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) is known to induce positive effects on vascular function and angiogenesis, and could be implicated in the healing process of tendons. Recently, a novel VEGF-A isoform was identified, the VEGF-111, a biologically active and proteolysis-resistant VEGF-A isoform, also known to present beneficial effects on ischemic diseases. This prompted us to evaluate whether VEGF-111 would have a therapeutic interest within the framework of the tendon pathology. Methods: 60 Rats were divided into 2 groups: A: control (no injection), B: VEGF-111 treatment. A 5mm defect was surgically induced in rat Achilles tendon after resection of plantaris tendon. Rats received a local injection of VEGF-111 (100ng) in situ after the surgery and were placed in their cages without immobilization. After 5, 15 and 30 days, the traumatized Achilles tendons of 10 rats of both groups were removed and dissected during their healing process. Immediately after sampling, tendons were submitted to a biomechanical tensile test up to rupture, using a “Cryo-jaw”. Rats were then euthanized. Statistical analyses were made with an ANOVA. Values are significant when p-value is below 0.05. Results: Our results showed that the developed force necessary to induce tendon rupture during biomechanical tensile test was greater for tendons which had received an injection of 100ng of VEGF-111. These results were already noticed from day 5 onwards. The ratio between force and weight increased with time in both groups, but this ratio was greater for tendons which had been submitted to an injection of VEGF111. The surface area of the section of the tendons increased between 5 and 15 days followed by a stabilization. After 30 days, sections in both groups were similar. Thus, the constraint was similar after 5 and 15 days but was better for VEGF111 group after one month. Discussion - Conclusion: This experimentation has shown that a 100ng injection of VEGF-111 stimulated tendon healing process as suggested by the increased force needed to break tendons during its healing process and the increased of constraint in comparison with the control group. Other experimentations with different concentration of VEGF111 are now in process. Acknowledgement : This experimentation was partially financed by “Standard de Liège 2007” and “Lejeune-Lechien 2008” grants. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 38 (11 ULg) Tendon lesion and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injectionKaux, Jean-François ; Drion, Pierre ; et alPoster (2010, November 25) Introduction: For a few years, the positive effects of platelets on the healing process of different tissues (skin, bones...) were demonstrated. In fact platelets contain lots of growth factors which can ... [more ▼] Introduction: For a few years, the positive effects of platelets on the healing process of different tissues (skin, bones...) were demonstrated. In fact platelets contain lots of growth factors which can be release locally and enhance the healing process. Thus the aim of our experiment was to ascertain by an original mechanical measure whether the use of PRP was of interest for accelerating the healing process of rats’ Achilles tendons after surgical induced lesion. Methods: A 5mm defect was surgically induced in 90 rats’ Achilles tendon. Rats were divided into 2 groups of 45: (A) control (no treatment) and (B) PRP treatment. Rats of group B received a PRP injection in situ after the surgery. Afterwards, rats of both groups were placed in their cages without immobilization. After 5, 15 and 30 days, 10 traumatized Achilles tendons of each group were dissected and removed. Immediately after sampling, tendons were submitted to a biomechanical tensile test up to rupture, using a “Cryo-jaw”. After that, transcriptomic analyses were made on the tendon samples, to study the expression of type III collagen, matrix metalloproteases and tenomodulin. A hydroxyproline dosage was finally realised to quantify the collagen in the tendon during its healing process. Tendons of the 15 remaining rats of each group were subjected to a histological study, respectively at day 5, 15 and 30 (5 rats for each time). Results: We demonstrated that (1) the stress (F) during biomechanical tensile test up to tendon rupture was significantly greater for tendons which had been submitted to an injection of PRP compared to the control group; (2) the surface (S) area of the section of the tendon was greater in the PRP group during the 15 first days, but this section was similar after 30 days in the 2 groups; (3) the ration F/weight of the rat was significantly greater in the PRP group at each time; (4) constrain was similar after the 15 first days but was significantly greater in the PRP group after 30 days. Histological study showed that PRP could enhance cells proliferation, angiogenesis and collagen organisation. Our biochemical analyses did not explain beneficial effects of PRP. Indeed, there was no significant difference between the expressions of different studied genes. Conclusion: Our animal study demonstrated that an injection of PRP could accelerate the tendons healing process and improve its quality. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 48 (11 ULg) Influence du mode de contraction sur le tendon : modèle animalKaux, Jean-François ; Drion, Pierre ; et alin 3ème Congrès Commun SFMS - SFTS (2010, October 01) Introduction : Les tendinopathies sont fréquentes et touchent aussi bien les membres supérieurs que les membres inférieurs. La rééducation excentrique constitue une thérapeutique de choix dans le ... [more ▼] Introduction : Les tendinopathies sont fréquentes et touchent aussi bien les membres supérieurs que les membres inférieurs. La rééducation excentrique constitue une thérapeutique de choix dans le traitement des tendinopathies. Malgré les résultats favorables en clinique, les effets morphologiques et biochimiques n’ont pas encore été élucidés. Matériel et méthodes : Dix-huit rats de souche Sprague-Dawley adultes ont été répartis en trois groupes : 6 témoins (groupe T) qui ne sont soumis à aucune contrainte physique ; 6 soumis à un effort concentrique (groupe C), course en montée ; 6 soumis à un effort excentrique (groupe E), course en descente. Les 12 rats des groupes C et E ont dû courir sur un tapis roulant incliné à +15° (groupe C) ou -15° (groupe E) à une vitesse de 17m/min (1km/h) pendant une heure à raison de trois séances par semaine pendant 5 semaines. Au terme de l’entraînement, les tendons achilléens, rotuliens et tricipitaux ont été prélevés bilatéralement. Les tendons de cinq rats de chaque groupe ont bénéficié d’une évaluation biomécanique (test de traction à l’aide de mors type « cryo-jaws »). Les tendons du sixième rat de chaque groupe ont permis l’étude histologique (coloration à l’hématoxyline-éosine et trichrome de Masson). Résultats : Le groupe E présente une augmentation de la tension de rupture des tendons rotuliens (29 ,5% ; p=0,047) et tricipitaux (72% ; p=0,018), une amélioration du rapport Force/Masse pour le tendon tricipital (54% ; p=0,043) ainsi qu’une augmentation de la section tendineuse tricipitale (74% ; p=0,008). Aucune variation pour aucun des tendons entre les groupes n’est relevée pour le paramètre contrainte (=Force/Section). Histologiquement, les tendons du groupe E se caractérisent par une plus grande quantité de vaisseaux sanguins périphériques ainsi qu’une plus grande proportion de collagène. Conclusion : Cette étude démontre que les propriétés mécaniques du tendon sont améliorées après un entraînement excentrique. Le tendon plus résistant augmente sa quantité de collagène et probablement les interactions entre les fibres de collagène. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 92 (14 ULg) Injection de concentrés plaquettaires et régénération tendineuse : modèle animalKaux, Jean-François ; Drion, Pierre ; et alin 3ème Congrès Commun SFMS - SFTS (2010, October 01) Introduction : La régénération tendineuse en traumatologie du sport demeure un processus actuellement difficile à gérer et de nouvelles voies thérapeutiques sont en cours d’exploration. La littérature ... [more ▼] Introduction : La régénération tendineuse en traumatologie du sport demeure un processus actuellement difficile à gérer et de nouvelles voies thérapeutiques sont en cours d’exploration. La littérature récente fait état d’effets bénéfiques sur la régénération tendineuse de concentrés plaquettaires (platelet-rich plasma ou PRP), administrés in situ, dus au relargage de facteurs de croissance par activation des plaquettes et à leur activité stimulante au cours de la cicatrisation. Dès lors, nous avons souhaité tester l’effet bénéfique de ce traitement sur des rats préalablement lésés au niveau de leur tendon d’Achille. Matériel et Méthode : Une section unilatérale du tendon d’Achille a été réalisée chez 60 rats Sprague Dawley adultes. De ces 60 rats, 30 ont subi une cicatrisation naturelle (rats contrôles) et 30 rats ont bénéficié d’une injection in situ de PRP le jour de la lésion. Diverses études biomécaniques, biochimiques et histologiques ont été réalisées sur ces tendons d’Achille en cours de cicatrisation à respectivement J5, J15 et J30 après lésion. Dix rats supplémentaires ont servi de témoins sains (sans lésion tendineuse). L’étude biomécanique appréciait la résistance maximale des tendons à la traction à l’aide de mors type « cryo-jaws ». L’étude histologique évaluait l’évolution cellulaire pendant la phase de cicatrisation. L’analyse transcriptomique étudiait l’expression de gènes codant pour le collagène de type III, les métalloprotéases matricielles (MMP-9) et la ténomoduline (TNMD), ainsi qu’un dosage d’hydroxyproline permettant d’évaluer la quantité de collagène présente dans le tendon au cours de la cicatrisation. Résultats : L’étude biomécanique démontre la meilleure résistance des tendons traités avec du PRP par rapport aux tendons contrôles à J5 (+19%), J15 (+30%) et significativement à J30 (+43%). L’étude histologique suggère qu’une injection de PRP stimule la prolifération cellulaire, favorise l’organisation tissulaire, stimule l’angiogenèse et la réorganisation architectural du collagène. L’étude biochimique ne permet pas d’expliquer les effets bénéfiques puisqu’il n’y a pas de différence dans l’expression des gènes des différentes molécules matricielles (collagène de type III, MMP-9 et TNMD) ni dans la quantité d’hydroxyproline qui s’accroit au cours du temps de la cicatrisation de façon similaire dans les deux groupes. Conclusion : L’injection de PRP améliore et accélère la cicatrisation tendineuse et augmente la résistance aux contraintes mécaniques du tendon en cours de cicatrisation. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 125 (17 ULg) Physiotherapy Intervention for Joint Hypermobility in Three Cases with Heritable Connective Tissue DisordersKaux, Jean-François ; Foidart-Dessalle, Marguerite ; Croisier, Jean-Louis et alin Journal of Musculoskeletal Pain (2010), 18(3), 254-60 Introduction: In Joint Hypermobility Syndromes, chronic pain is the most disabling symptom. Its origin can be multiple (i.e. subluxations, sprains, pathologies of tendons, ligaments, peripheral nerves ... [more ▼] Introduction: In Joint Hypermobility Syndromes, chronic pain is the most disabling symptom. Its origin can be multiple (i.e. subluxations, sprains, pathologies of tendons, ligaments, peripheral nerves, multiple operations). The goal of this article was intended to discuss appropriate physiotherapy in hyperlax patients. Patients and Method: The recovery process was analyzed in three cases (Marfan Syndrome, Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome and Osteogenesis Imperfecta). Hypermobility was assessed using the Brighton scale, pain using the Visual Analogue Scale and quality of life using the Medical Outcome Study Short Form-36. Bone density was evaluated by QDR X-ray absorptiometry. We emphasized that it was important to avoid stretching and to train the patient within a controlled range of motion. Submaximal eccentric exercises within a safe range of motion were incorporated to increase the active control of the joint positioning. Thus, in one patient, isokinetic rehabilitation was successfully undertaken. Each treatment had to be adapted to the individual patient and had to include specific home exercises. Conclusion: In each case, physiotherapy gave good results in relation to pain, quality of life and stability of rehabilitated joints. Safety must be assured and specific evaluations such osteodensitometry, cardiac explorations and interventions of bracing, proprioceptive and functional strengthening can be very helpful. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 164 (43 ULg) Le VEGF-111 comme nouvel outil thérapeutique des lésions tendineusesKaux, Jean-François ; Drion, Pierre ; Libertiaux, Vincent et alin 3ème Congrès Commun SFMS - SFTS (2010, September 30) Introduction : Les lésions tendineuses sont très fréquentes en traumatologie du sport et deviennent fréquemment chroniques. Pour ces raisons, de nouvelles thérapeutiques sont en cours de développement ... [more ▼] Introduction : Les lésions tendineuses sont très fréquentes en traumatologie du sport et deviennent fréquemment chroniques. Pour ces raisons, de nouvelles thérapeutiques sont en cours de développement. Les injections de concentrés plaquettaires (platelet-rich plasma ou PRP) semblent constituer en ce sens une voie encourageante. Elles agissent par libération locale de divers facteurs de croissance parmi lesquels le VEGF-A (vascular endothelial growth factor-A), connu pour induire un effet positif sur la fonction vasculaire et l’angiogenèse, serait impliqué dans le processus cicatriciel des tendons. Récemment, une nouvelle isoforme du VEGF-A a été identifié : le VEGF-111. Celui-ci est une isoforme biologiquement active du VEGF-A, résistant à la protéolyse et aussi connu pour présenter un effet bénéfique sur les pathologies ischémiques. Pour ces raisons, nous avons pensé que le VEGF-111 pourrait avoir un intérêt thérapeutique pour les pathologies tendineuses. Matériel et méthode : 60 rats de souche Sprague-Dawley adultes ont été séparés en 2 groupes (A: groupe contrôle sans traitement et B: groupe traité par une injection de VEGF-111). Chez ces rats, un défaut de 5mm dans le tendon d’Achille a été réalisé après résection du tendon du plantaire grêle. Les 30 rats du groupe B ont alors bénéficié d’une injection in loco de 100ng de VEGF-111. Les rats ont été euthanasiés par groupe de 20 (10 du groupe A et 10 du groupe B) respectivement à J5, J15 et J30 et le tendon d’Achille en cours de régénération a été disséqué et prélevé. Une étude biomécanique de traction jusqu’à rupture a été réalisée à l’aide de mors type « cryo-jaw ». Résultats : L’analyse de nos résultats montre que la force nécessaire pour rompre le tendon lors du test de traction, était plus importante pour les tendons du groupe B. Ces résultats peuvent être observés dès le 5ème jour. Le rapport entre la force et la masse corporelle du rat augmente dans les 2 groupes avec le temps, mais cette augmentation est plus importante pour les tendons du groupe B. La surface de section du tendon de groupe B s’accroit plus rapidement entre les jours 5 et 15 et ensuite se stabilise. Après 30 jours, les sections tendineuses sont similaires dans les 2 groupes. Enfin, dans le groupe B, les contraintes nécessaires pour obtenir la rupture du tendon, en tenant compte de l’accroissement de sa section, sont similaires entre les jours 5 et 15 et augmentent après un mois. Conclusion : Cette expérience a démontré qu’une injection de 100ng de VEGF-111 stimulait le processus de cicatrisation tendineuse en augmentant la résistance du tendon et les contraintes nécessaires pour rompre celui-ci. D’autres expérimentations avec différentes concentrations de VEGF-111 sont actuellement en cours. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 69 (17 ULg) Influence of the contraction mode on the tendon structure - Rat modelKaux, Jean-François ; Drion, Pierre ; et alin 2nd Congress of European College of Sport & Exercise Physicians - Conference Brochure 2010: Abstracts and CVs (2010, September 09) Introduction: Tendinopathies are common in sport and affect both upper and lower limbs. Eccentric rehabilitation is a successful way of treating them and now is becoming the “gold treatment”. Although ... [more ▼] Introduction: Tendinopathies are common in sport and affect both upper and lower limbs. Eccentric rehabilitation is a successful way of treating them and now is becoming the “gold treatment”. Although clinical results are very favorable, beneficial morphological and histological effects have not yet been elucidated. The aim of our experiment was to determine if there exist any intrinsic modifications in a tendon trained in concentric or eccentric modes, in a rat model. Methods: 18 rats were divided into 3 groups: 6 for the control group, without physical restraint; 12 for a training of1 hour, 3 times a week, for 5 weeks, at a speed of 17m/min (1km/h), on a inclined treadmill: 6 rats running uphill at +15° for the concentric effort (group C) and 6 rats running downhill at -15° for the eccentric effort (group E). After this training period, the Achilles, patellar and tricipital tendons of both limbs were surgically removed in all 18 rats. Tendons taken from five rats of each group were subjected to a tensile test up to rupture using a “cryo” jaw. Tendons of the remaining rat of each group were subjected to a histological study. Results: The results showed significant changes in group E only: (1) an increase of the force required to rupture the patellar and tricipital tendons; (2) an improvement of the ratio between the force necessary to rupture the tricipital tendon and the body mass of the rats; (3) an increase of the surface area of the section of the tricipital tendon. No significant change was observed as far as constraint was concerned between groups. Histologically, we saw, in the group E, more peripheral blood vessels and a greater proportion of collagen. Conclusion: This study showed that the mechanical properties of tendon tissue are enhanced by eccentric training. Tendons become stronger, the amount of collagen increases and there is probably more interaction between collagen fibers (mechanotransduction). [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 41 (7 ULg) VEGF-111 as a new therapeutic tool for tendon lesionKaux, Jean-François ; Drion, Pierre ; Libertiaux, Vincent et alin Osteoarthritis and Cartilage (2010, September), 18(Supplement 2), 22 Introduction: Tendon lesion is one of the most frequent pathology in sports and by physical workers. This pathology often becomes chronic. For this reason, it is of interest to develop new treatments ... [more ▼] Introduction: Tendon lesion is one of the most frequent pathology in sports and by physical workers. This pathology often becomes chronic. For this reason, it is of interest to develop new treatments. Injection of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) seems to be a promising one by releasing growth factors (GF) locally. Among all the GF released by activated platelets, the vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) is known to induce positive effects on vascular function and angiogenesis, and could be implicated in the healing process of tendons. Recently, a novel VEGF-A isoform was identified, the VEGF-111, a biologically active and proteolysis-resistant VEGF-A isoform, also known to present beneficial effects on ischemic diseases. This prompted us to evaluate whether VEFF-111 would have a therapeutic interest within the framework of the tendon pathology. Methods: 60 Rats were divided into 2 groups: A: control (no injection), B: VEGF-111 treatment. A 5mm defect was surgically induced in rat Achilles tendon after resection of plantaris tendon. Rats received a local injection of VEGF-111 (100ng) in situ after the surgery and were placed in their cages without immobilization. After 5, 15 and 30 days, the traumatized Achilles tendons of 10 rats of both groups were removed and dissected during their healing process. Immediately after sampling, tendons were submitted to a biomechanical tensile test up to rupture, using a “Cryo-jaw”. Rats were then euthanized. Statistical analyses were made with an ANOVA. Values are significant when p-value is below 0.05. Results: Our results shown that the developed force necessary to induce tendon rupture during biomechanical tensile test was greater for tendons which had received an injection of 100ng of VEGF-111. These results were already noticed from day 5 onwards. The ratio between force and weight increased with time in both groups, but this ratio was greater for tendons which had been submitted to an injection of VEGF111. The surface area of the section of the tendons increased between 5 and 15 days followed by a stabilization. After 30 days, sections in both groups were similar. Thus, the constraint was similar after 5 and 15 days but was better for VEGF111 group after one month. Discussion - Conclusion: This experimentation has shown that a 100ng injection of VEGF-111 stimulated tendon healing process as suggested by the increased force needed to break tendons during its healing process and the increased of constraint in comparison with the control group. Other experimentations with different concentration of VEGF111 are now in process. Acknowledgement This experimentation was partially financed by “Standard de Liège 2007” and “Lejeune-Lechien 2008” grants. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 100 (25 ULg) Platelet-Rich Plasma injection to improve tendon healing processKaux, Jean-François ; Drion, Pierre ; et alin Osteoarthritis and Cartilage (2010, September), 18(Supplement 2), 221 Introduction It is well known that injured tendons do not heal easily. For example, tendinopathy is a condition which often becomes chronic in the case of bad or late management. Recently, several studies ... [more ▼] Introduction It is well known that injured tendons do not heal easily. For example, tendinopathy is a condition which often becomes chronic in the case of bad or late management. Recently, several studies, essentially in vitro and, more recently, a few in clinical practice, have demonstrated the positive effects of platelets on the healing process of different tissues. In fact, platelets contain lots of growth factors which can be released after a local injection. These growth factors have the potentiality to enhance the tendon healing process, for example after rupture or tendinopathy. The aim of our experiment was to ascertain whether the use of Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) was of interest for accelerating the healing process of Achilles tendon after surgical induced lesion. Methods All experimental procedures and protocols used in this investigation / were reviewed and approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of the University of Liège. 60 rats were divided into 2 groups: A: control (no injection) and B: PRP injection. A 5mm defect was surgically induced in the rats’ Achilles tendon after resection of plantaris tendon. Rats of group B received a PRP injection in situ after the surgery. Afterwards, rats of both groups were placed in their cages without immobilization. After 5, 15 and 30 days, the traumatized Achilles tendons of 10 rats of both groups were removed and dissected during their healing process. Immediately after sampling, tendons were submitted to a biomechanical tensile test up to rupture, using a “Cryo-jaw”. Rats were then euthanized. Statistical analyses were made with an ANOVA. Values are significant when p-value is below 0.05. Results We observed that the force necessary to induce tendon rupture during biomechanical tensile testing increased with time in both groups; that this force was greater for tendons which had been submitted to an injection of PRP. The ratio between force and weight increased with time in both groups; that this ratio was greater for tendons which had been submitted to an injection of PRP too. There is also a significant interaction between time and the group. The surface area of the section of the tendons increased between 5 and 15 days followed by a stabilization. After 30 days, sections in both groups were similar. Thus, the constraint was similar after 5 and 15 days but is significantly better for PRP group after one month. Discussion – Conclusion We demonstrated that the force necessary to induce tendon rupture during biomechanical tensile testing was greater for tendons which had been submitted to an injection of PRP. These results were observed and significant (p<0.05) from day 5 onwards. We observed too that the section of the tendon was the same in both groups after 30 days. Thus the quality of the healing tendon is better with an injection of PRP, as shown with the increase of the constraint until rupture. Acknowledgement This experimentation was partially financed by “Standard de Liège 2007” and “Lejeune-Lechien 2008” grants. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 123 (15 ULg) Assessment of high sensitive troponin T and I immunoassays in patients with acute chestLe Goff, Caroline ; Garweg, Christophe ; et alin Clinical Chemistry (2010, July), 56(S6), 127 Introduction: Cardiac troponin I and T are specific markers of myocardial injury that are widely used for the diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). In acute chest pain without ST-segment elevation ... [more ▼] Introduction: Cardiac troponin I and T are specific markers of myocardial injury that are widely used for the diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). In acute chest pain without ST-segment elevation, they are used to differentiate unstable angina from non ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). Recently, troponin assays with higher analytical sensitivities became available to enable the detection of minor myocardial damage and identify individuals at higher risk for ACS. As a result of its high tissue-specificity, cardiac troponin T and I are cardio-specific, highly sensitive markers for myocardial damage. The aim of this study was to evaluate the new higher sensitive troponin (T and I) in patients with stable angina and acute chest pain without ST-segment elevation. Methods: Sixty subjects (mean age : 65.5± 11 years), were included: 20 healthy controls, 20 patients with stable angina, 9 with unstable angina (troponin-) and 18 patients with NSTEMI myocardial infarction (troponin+). The protocol was approved by the ethic committee of the University of Liège (Belgium). High sensitive troponin T (hsTnT) determination was realized on heparin plasma by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay on Modular E (Roche Diagnostic). Troponin I II (TnI II) is a chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay for the quantitative determination of cardiac troponin-I in heparine plasma on the ARCHITECT i System (Abbott Diagnostic). The lower detection limit of these assays was 0.005μg/L for hsTnT and 0.01μg/L for TnI II. Stastistical analysis was performed using t test. P value <0.05 was considered significant. Results: HsTNT levels were 0.003(0.003, 0.004) [median baseline (1st, 3rd quartile)]ng/ml in controls, 0.0075 (0.00475, 0.014) ng/ml in stable angina, 0.011(0.006, 0.012) ng/ml in unstable angina and 0.3715 (0.1795, 1.00725) ng/ml in NSTEMI ACS. TnI II levels were 0 (0, 0.001) ng/ml in controls and in patients with stable angina, 0.07 (0.005, 0.014) ng/ml in unstable angina and 1.4475 (0.0407, 2.656) ng/ml in NSTEMI. HsTNT and TnI II levels were significantly increased in NSTEMI as compared to control subjects, patients with stable and unstable angina. TnI II levels were also increased in unstable angina as compared to controls. Conclusion: In our population, TnI II was more sensitive than hsTNT to detect minor myocardial damage in patients with unstable angina as compared to controls. Therefore, future studies will have to determine whether TnI II might contribute to better risk stratification and treatment strategy in this group of patients. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 105 (13 ULg) Use of clinical biology techniques in clinical practice: injections of platelet-rich plasma to heal tendonKaux, Jean-François ; Le Goff, Caroline ; Drion, Pierre et alin Clinical Chemistry (2010, July), 56(S6), 111 Introduction: A tendon is a tissue which does not heal easily. For example, tendinopathy is a condition which often becomes chronic in the case of bad or overdue management. Several studies, essentially ... [more ▼] Introduction: A tendon is a tissue which does not heal easily. For example, tendinopathy is a condition which often becomes chronic in the case of bad or overdue management. Several studies, essentially in vitro and, more recently, a few in clinical practice, have demonstrated the positive effects of platelets on the healing process of tendons. A local injection of platelet–rich plasma (PRP), which releases many growth factors, has the potentiality to enhance the tendon healing process. The aim of our experiment was to ascertain whether the use of PRP could accelerate the healing process of an Achilles tendon after a surgically induced lesion. Methods (*): PRP was obtained from the blood of 12 Sprague Dawley rats by cardiac puncture under general anaesthesia until the heart stopped beating. Quantities of 1mL of anticoagulant, adenosine-citrate-dextrose-acid (ACD-A), were added immediately to each 4,5mL of blood. The blood was then centrifuged at 180g for 10 minutes. To improve platelet concentration of the PRP, the supernatant was centrifuged for a second time at 1000g for 10 minutes. The platelets were then collected using a gauge pipette. Cell and platelet counts were made by an auto-analyser. Platelet concentration was around 2.2 to 2.9 x106/mm³. A 5mm defect was surgically induced in the Achilles tendon of 60 rats. Rats were divided into 2 groups of 30: A: a control group (no injection) and B: with a PRP injection. The rats of group B received a PRP injection in situ 1 hour after the surgery on the site of the lesion of the Achilles tendon. Fifty micro-litres of PRP were injected in each rat of the PRP group. Platelets were activated by the local presence of collagen in the wound. Afterwards, the rats of both groups were placed in their cages without immobilization. After 5, 15 and 30 days, 10 rats of each group were euthanized. The traumatized Achilles tendon of each rat was dissected and removed. Immediately after sampling, tendons were submitted to a biomechanical tensile test up to rupture, using a tensile machine with a “Cryo-jaw”. Results: We demonstrated that the force necessary to induce tendon rupture during biomechanical tensile testing was greater for tendons which had been submitted to an injection of PRP. These results were observed and significant (p<0.05) from day 5 onwards. Discussion: This experimentation showed that PRP injections could accelerate the tendon healing process and increase the force needed to break tendons in their healing process. This “accelerating” process can be observed and is significant (p<0.05) as early as day 5. Conclusion: PRP, by the local release of growth factors, would be a new therapeutic tool to accelerate tendon healing. Acknowledgement: This experimentation was partially financed by “Standard de Liège” and “Lejeune-Lechien” grants. (*) All experimental procedures and protocols used in this investigation were reviewed and approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of the University of Liège. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 57 (16 ULg) New use of VEGF in therapeutics: application in tendon lesionsKaux, Jean-François ; Le Goff, Caroline ; Drion, Pierre et alin Clinical Chemistry (2010, July), 56(S6), 111 Introduction: As demonstrated in previous studies, mechanical overload, injury and inflammation, hypoxic condition or any combination of the above could lead to increased expression of VEGF in the tendon ... [more ▼] Introduction: As demonstrated in previous studies, mechanical overload, injury and inflammation, hypoxic condition or any combination of the above could lead to increased expression of VEGF in the tendon. Thus, VEGF could participate in the healing of pathological tendons. Indeed, some authors are convinced that this neovascularization is the sign of a chronic tendinopathy while others plead in favour of it being a sign of healing processes. The VEGF111, which is a biologically active and proteolysis-resistant VEGF-A isoform, was recently identified. It is induced by ultraviolet B and genotoxic drugs. Experimentation shows that, in nude mice, tumors formed by HEK293 cells expressing VEGF111 develop a more widespread peritumoral neovascularisation than those expressing other VEGF isoforms. Good angiogenic activity and resistance to proteolysis makes VEGF111 a potential beneficial therapeutic option for ischemic diseases. The aim of our study was to determine whether if VEGF111 could have a therapeutic interest in the framework of tendinous pathology. Methods (*): A 5mm defect was surgically induced in Achilles tendon of 60 rats. Rats were divided into 2 groups of 30: A: a control group (no injection) and B: with a VEGF111 injection. The rats of group B received an injection of 100 ng of VEGF111 in situ 1 hour after surgery on the site of the tendon lesion. Afterwards, rats of both groups were placed in their cages without immobilization. After 5, 15 and 30 days, 10 rats of each group were euthanized. The traumatized Achilles tendon of each rat was dissected and removed. Immediately after sampling, tendons were submitted to a biomechanical tensile test up to rupture, using a tensile machine with “Cryo-jaw”. Statistical analyses were made with an ANOVA. Results: A significant increase over time of the force necessary to induce tendon rupture was observed for tendons which had been submitted to an injection of VEGF111 (p=0.016). The force required to break the tendon is always greater for the VEGF111 group (p<0.05). Discussion: We demonstrated that the force necessary to induce the rupture of a rat’s Achilles tendon during biomechanical tensile testing was greater for tendons which had been submitted to an injection of VEGF111. Thus, this experimentation showed that VEGF111 injections could accelerate the tendon healing process and increase the force needed to break tendons in their healing process. Conclusion: VEGF111 could be a new therapy for tendon lesions. However, other experimentation using a rat model with different concentrations of VEGF111 should be made to ascertain the best concentration for this healing process. Acknowledgement: This experimentation was partially financed by “Standard de Liège” and “Lejeune-Lechien” grants. (*) All experimental procedures and protocols used in this investigation were reviewed and approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of the University of Liège. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 57 (21 ULg) Does echocardiographic stress test induced release of hsTnT and TnI II?Le Goff, Caroline ; ; Garweg, Christophe et alin Clinical Chemistry (2010, July), 56(S6), 128 Background: Cardiac troponins (cTn) are considered as the best biomarkers for detection of myocardial cell injury. In this study, cTnT and cTnI were measured by new commercially available high-sensitive ... [more ▼] Background: Cardiac troponins (cTn) are considered as the best biomarkers for detection of myocardial cell injury. In this study, cTnT and cTnI were measured by new commercially available high-sensitive methods in patients undergoing brief exercise- or pharmacologicinduced stress. Our aim was to compare cTnT and cTnI levels before and after the stress tests, in the patients with or without reversible ischemia. Materials and Methods: Fifty patients (28 men and 22 women) underwent an echographic stress test (ST) for suspected ischemic heart disease. Of these 50 patients, 28 received pharmacological ST (dobutamine injection) and 22 dynamic ST (bicycle exercise). The patients were subdivided into two groups according to the presence or absence of documented transient reversible ischemia: 14 with reversible ischemia ( mean age: 67.71±9.66 y) and 36 without ischemia ( mean age: 63.17±11.72 y). In all patients, cTnT and cTnI concentrations were measured by high sensitive methods (hsTnT, Roche Diagnostics and TnI II, Abbott Diagnostics) on heparin plasma immediately before (T0) and after ST (T1).The lower detection limit of these assays was 0.005μg/L for hsTnT and 0.01μg/L for TnI II. The protocol was approved by the ethics committee of the University of Liège (Belgium). All patients gave informed consent. All statistical analyses were performed using Medcalc version 8.1 for Windows. P value <0.05 was regarded as statistically significant. Results: There was no significant difference between hsTnT concentrations at T0 and T1, neither in the whole patient group, nor in the subgroups of subjects who received pharmacological ST or dynamic ST. The same was true for TnI II. Although there was no change in hsTnT levels during test in ischemic and in non ischemic patients, the latter tend to demonstrate higher median T0 levels (25th, 75th percentiles) than the others [0.011 (0.007, 0.029) vs 0.007 (0.0047, 0.1125) ng/ml, p=0.09]. They also showed higher median T1 levels [0.014 (0.065, 0.03) vs 0.007 (0.003, 0.0102) ng/ml, p=0.08]. Higher TnI II levels were also recorded in ischemic patients as compared to non ischemic patients at T0[ 0.014 (0.0072; 0.0265) vs 0.005 (0.003; 0.01) ng/ml, p=0.08] and T1[ 0.013 (0.0085- 0.03) vs 0.006 (0.0035-0.008) ng/ml, p=0.08]. Also, TnI II levels did not change during test in both subgroups. Conclusions: Measurement of cardiac troponins by high sensitive methods did not allow to detect significant release of biomarkers from the heart during exercise-or pharmacologic-induced ST, even in patients who demonstrated reversible myocardial ischemia. The type of test – pharmacological or dynamic - was without effect. The patients with induced transient ischemia had however higher troponin T and I levels at baseline, this difference remaining during test. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 62 (5 ULg) Réponses « prémotrices » du muscle premier interosseux dorsal de la mainKaux, Jean-François ; Dive, Dominique ; Wang, François-Charles ![]() in XVIIèmes Journées Francophones d'Electroneuromyographie (2010, June 11) Introduction – Lors de l’enregistrement du potentiel global d’action musculaire (PGAM) au niveau du muscle premier interosseux dorsal de la main (PID) après stimulation du nerf ulnaire au poignet, il est ... [more ▼] Introduction – Lors de l’enregistrement du potentiel global d’action musculaire (PGAM) au niveau du muscle premier interosseux dorsal de la main (PID) après stimulation du nerf ulnaire au poignet, il est habituel d’observer un pic positif initial (pour une amplification d’environ 1 mV par division). Objectif – Déterminer l’origine de cette déflection positive précédant le PAGM du PID lors de la stimulation du nerf ulnaire au poignet. S’agit-il d’une réponse motrice générée au voisinage de l’électrode de détection active (champ proche) ? La positivité signifiant que les plaques motrices, où est générée cette réponse, ne sont pas exactement sous l’électrode active. S’agit-il, au contraire, de la captation d’une activité générée nettement à distance du système de détection (champ lointain) ? La positivité étant alors liée à l’orientation d’un dipôle électrique par rapport au système de détection. Sujets et méthodes - Dix patients successifs, indemnes d’atteinte du nerf ulnaire, sont étudiés. Une électrode active (G1) est placée sur le PID, au sommet de la saillie musculaire provoquée par le rapprochement actif du pouce et de l’index. L’électrode de référence (G2) est placée successivement sur le pouce, l’index, l’auriculaire, l’os trapèze au poignet et sur le membre controlatéral. Une stimulation électrique percutanée est appliquée au nerf ulnaire au poignet. Le muscle abducteur du Vème doigt (AB5) est également étudié (G1 au milieu de l’éminence hypothénar et G2 sur l’auriculaire). Résultats – Le pic positif précédant le PAGM du PID est en moyenne plus ample lorsque l’électrode de référence est placée sur l’index. Le PAGM du PID débute systématiquement par une déflection négative lorsque l’électrode de référence est placée sur l’os trapèze au poignet ou sur le membre controlatéral. L’absence de positivité initiale est associée à un raccourcissement de la latence distale motrice. Lorsque le gain des réponses motrices du PID et de l’AB5 est fixé à 0,1 ou 0,2 mV/division, quel que soit le muscle étudié et quel que soit le montage G1/G2 utilisé, toutes les déflections initiales (positives ou négatives) présentent une latence identique ou presque. Discussion – La déflection positive initiale qui précède le PAGM du PID, lorsque G2 est distale par rapport à la cathode, reflète l’activité générée au niveau des autres muscles innervés par le nerf ulnaire et notamment l’AB5. L’absence de cette positivité, lorsque G2 est proximale à la cathode ou sur le membre controlatéral, est liée à une inversion de polarité de la déflection initiale. Il en résulte, une réduction artificielle de la latence distale motrice. Ce type de référence doit donc être évité dans nos examens de routine. Conclusion – Ce travail souligne d’une part, l’importance de G2 dans l’enregistrement d’un PAGM et d’autre part, que les enregistrements de surface peuvent être influencés par la contraction de muscles situés à distance du couple G1/G2, même si un seul nerf est activé par la stimulation électrique percutanée. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 30 (3 ULg) L'ENMG... autour du piedWang, François-Charles ; Courtois, Anne-Catherine ; et alin Vial, Christophe (Ed.) ENMG 2010 - XVIIèmes Journées Francophones d'Electroneuromyographie (2010) Cette mise au point, consacrée aux atteintes neurologiques périphériques tronculaires du pied, abordera successivement les nerfs sural, fibulaire, tibial et saphène interne. Une attention particulière ... [more ▼] Cette mise au point, consacrée aux atteintes neurologiques périphériques tronculaires du pied, abordera successivement les nerfs sural, fibulaire, tibial et saphène interne. Une attention particulière sera portée sur l’anatomie de ces troncs nerveux et ses variantes. En effet, la parfaite maîtrise de l’anatomie permet, d’une part, de reconnaître la symptomatologie liée à telle ou telle neuropathie tronculaire et, d’autre part, de mettre en œuvre la meilleure stratégie pour démontrer, sur le plan électrophysiologique, l’atteinte nerveuse suspectée cliniquement. La plupart des atteintes isolées des nerfs du pied n’ont rien de spécifique à cette région. Nous envisagerons donc, dans une première partie, les caractéristiques étiologiques, cliniques, électrophysiologiques et thérapeutiques communes et ensuite, pour chaque nerf, les aspects les plus spécifiques de leur atteinte. Sur le plan électroneuromyographique, plutôt que de faire le catalogue exhaustif des techniques décrites autour du pied, nous avons mis l’accent sur les procédures qui ont notre préférence et les limitations de certaines de ces méthodes. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 162 (35 ULg) Analyse de la marche/course chez le sportifKaux, Jean-François ![]() Conference (2010, April 26) Detailed reference viewed: 74 (5 ULg) Atteintes neurologiques périphériques du piedKaux, Jean-François ; Wang, François-Charles ![]() Conference (2010, April 20) Detailed reference viewed: 49 (11 ULg) Rééducation et reprise sportive après chirurgie tendineuseCrielaard, Jean-Michel ; Kaux, Jean-François ![]() Conference (2010, April 14) Detailed reference viewed: 41 (7 ULg) Lésions musculaires particulièresCrielaard, Jean-Michel ; Kaux, Jean-François ![]() Conference (2010, April 13) Detailed reference viewed: 49 (8 ULg) L’examen électrophysiologique du nerf fibulaire superficielWang, François-Charles ; Courtois, Anne-Catherine ; Kaux, Jean-François ![]() in La Lettre du Neurologue (2010), XIV(4), 95- Detailed reference viewed: 63 (11 ULg) |
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