Processing aortic and pulmonary artery waveforms to derive the ventricle time-varying elastance

in IFAC Proceedings Volumes (IFAC-PapersOnline) (2011), 18(PART 1), 587-592

Time-varying elastance of the ventricles is an important metric both clinically and as an input for a previously developed cardiovascular model. However, currently time-varying elastance is not normally ... [more ▼]

Time-varying elastance of the ventricles is an important metric both clinically and as an input for a previously developed cardiovascular model. However, currently time-varying elastance is not normally available in an Intensive Care Unit (ICU) setting, as it is an invasive and ethically challenging metric to measure. A previous paper developed a method to map less invasive metrics to the driver function, enabling an estimate to be achieved without invasive measurements. This method requires reliable and accurate processing of the aortic and pulmonary artery pressure waveforms to locate the specific points that are required to estimate the driver function. This paper details the method by which these waveforms are processed, using a data set of five pigs induced with pulmonary embolism, and five pigs induced with septic shock (with haemofiltration), adding up to 88 waveforms (for each of aortic and pulmonary artery pressure), and 616 points in total to locate. 98.2% of all points were located to within 1% of their true value, 0.81% were between 1% and 5%, 0.65% were between 5% and 10%, the remaining 0.32% were below 20%.© 2011 IFAC. [less ▲]

Clinical detection and monitoring of acute pulmonary embolism: proof of concept of a computer-based method.

in Annals of Intensive Care (2011), 1(1), 33

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: The diagnostic ability of computer-based methods for cardiovascular system (CVS) monitoring offers significant clinical potential. This research tests the clinical applicability of a ... [more ▼]

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: The diagnostic ability of computer-based methods for cardiovascular system (CVS) monitoring offers significant clinical potential. This research tests the clinical applicability of a newly improved computer-based method for the proof of concept case of tracking changes in important hemodynamic indices due to the influence acute pulmonary embolism (APE). METHODS: Hemodynamic measurements from a porcine model of APE were used to validate the method. Of these measurements, only those that are clinically available or inferable were used in to identify pig-specific computer models of the CVS, including the aortic and pulmonary artery pressure, stroke volume, heart rate, global end diastolic volume, and mitral and tricuspid valve closure times. Changes in the computer-derived parameters were analyzed and compared with experimental metrics and clinical indices to assess the clinical applicability of the technique and its ability to track the disease state. RESULTS: The subject-specific computer models accurately captured the increase in pulmonary resistance (Rpul), the main cardiovascular consequence of APE, in all five pigs trials, which related well (R2 = 0.81) with the experimentally derived pulmonary vascular resistance. An increase in right ventricular contractility was identified, as expected, consistent with known reflex responses to APE. Furthermore, the modeled right ventricular expansion index (the ratio of right to left ventricular end diastolic volumes) closely followed the trends seen in the measured data (R2 = 0.92) used for validation, with sharp increases seen in the metric for the two pigs in a near-death state. These results show that the pig-specific models are capable of tracking disease-dependent changes in pulmonary resistance (afterload), right ventricular contractility (inotropy), and ventricular loading (preload) during induced APE. Continuous, accurate estimation of these fundamental metrics of cardiovascular status can help to assist clinicians with diagnosis, monitoring, and therapy-based decisions in an intensive care environment. Furthermore, because the method only uses measurements already available in the ICU, it can be implemented with no added risk to the patient and little extra cost. CONCLUSIONS: This computer-based monitoring method shows potential for real-time, continuous diagnosis and monitoring of acute CVS dysfunction in critically ill patients. [less ▲]

Validation of subject-specific cardiovascular system models from porcine measurements.

in Computer Methods & Programs in Biomedicine (2011)

A previously validated mathematical model of the cardiovascular system (CVS) is made subject-specific using an iterative, proportional gain-based identification method. Prior works utilised a complete set ... [more ▼]

A previously validated mathematical model of the cardiovascular system (CVS) is made subject-specific using an iterative, proportional gain-based identification method. Prior works utilised a complete set of experimentally measured data that is not clinically typical or applicable. In this paper, parameters are identified using proportional gain-based control and a minimal, clinically available set of measurements. The new method makes use of several intermediary steps through identification of smaller compartmental models of CVS to reduce the number of parameters identified simultaneously and increase the convergence stability of the method. This new, clinically relevant, minimal measurement approach is validated using a porcine model of acute pulmonary embolism (APE). Trials were performed on five pigs, each inserted with three autologous blood clots of decreasing size over a period of four to five hours. All experiments were reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of the Medical Faculty at the University of Liege, Belgium. Continuous aortic and pulmonary artery pressures (P(ao), P(pa)) were measured along with left and right ventricle pressure and volume waveforms. Subject-specific CVS models were identified from global end diastolic volume (GEDV), stroke volume (SV), P(ao), and P(pa) measurements, with the mean volumes and maximum pressures of the left and right ventricles used to verify the accuracy of the fitted models. The inputs (GEDV, SV, P(ao), P(pa)) used in the identification process were matched by the CVS model to errors <0.5%. Prediction of the mean ventricular volumes and maximum ventricular pressures not used to fit the model compared experimental measurements to median absolute errors of 4.3% and 4.4%, which are equivalent to the measurement errors of currently used monitoring devices in the ICU ( approximately 5-10%). These results validate the potential for implementing this approach in the intensive care unit. [less ▲]

Subject-specific cardiovascular system model-based identification and diagnosis of septic shock with a minimally invasive data set: animal experiments and proof of concept.

in Physiological Measurement (2011), 32(1), 65-82

A cardiovascular system (CVS) model and parameter identification method have previously been validated for identifying different cardiac and circulatory dysfunctions in simulation and using porcine models ... [more ▼]

A cardiovascular system (CVS) model and parameter identification method have previously been validated for identifying different cardiac and circulatory dysfunctions in simulation and using porcine models of pulmonary embolism, hypovolemia with PEEP titrations and induced endotoxic shock. However, these studies required both left and right heart catheters to collect the data required for subject-specific monitoring and diagnosis-a maximally invasive data set in a critical care setting although it does occur in practice. Hence, use of this model-based diagnostic would require significant additional invasive sensors for some subjects, which is unacceptable in some, if not all, cases. The main goal of this study is to prove the concept of using only measurements from one side of the heart (right) in a 'minimal' data set to identify an effective patient-specific model that can capture key clinical trends in endotoxic shock. This research extends existing methods to a reduced and minimal data set requiring only a single catheter and reducing the risk of infection and other complications-a very common, typical situation in critical care patients, particularly after cardiac surgery. The extended methods and assumptions that found it are developed and presented in a case study for the patient-specific parameter identification of pig-specific parameters in an animal model of induced endotoxic shock. This case study is used to define the impact of this minimal data set on the quality and accuracy of the model application for monitoring, detecting and diagnosing septic shock. Six anesthetized healthy pigs weighing 20-30 kg received a 0.5 mg kg(-1) endotoxin infusion over a period of 30 min from T0 to T30. For this research, only right heart measurements were obtained. Errors for the identified model are within 8% when the model is identified from data, re-simulated and then compared to the experimentally measured data, including measurements not used in the identification process for validation. Importantly, all identified parameter trends match physiologically and clinically and experimentally expected changes, indicating that no diagnostic power is lost. This work represents a further with human subjects validation for this model-based approach to cardiovascular diagnosis and therapy guidance in monitoring endotoxic disease states. The results and methods obtained can be readily extended from this case study to the other animal model results presented previously. Overall, these results provide further support for prospective, proof of concept clinical testing with humans. [less ▲]

Model-based cardiac disease diagnosis in critical care

in Proceedings of the Health Research Society of Canterbury (HRSC) Clinical Meeting 2010 (2010)

A Model-based Approach to Cardiovascular Monitoring of Pulmonary Embolism

in Proceedings of CONTROL 2010 (2010)

Patient-specific modelling of cardiovascular dysfunction: Identifying models of pulmonary embolism in pigs

in Proceedings of the 19th International Conference of the Cardiovascular System Dynamics Society (2010)

Validation of a new French-language triage algorithm : the ELISA scale.

in Critical Care: the Official Journal of the Critical Care Forum (2010), 14(Suppl1), 277

Unique parameter identification for cardiac diagnosis in critical care using minimal data sets.

in Computer Methods & Programs in Biomedicine (2010)

Lumped parameter approaches for modelling the cardiovascular system typically have many parameters of which a significant percentage are often not identifiable from limited data sets. Hence, significant ... [more ▼]

Lumped parameter approaches for modelling the cardiovascular system typically have many parameters of which a significant percentage are often not identifiable from limited data sets. Hence, significant parts of the model are required to be simulated with little overall effect on the accuracy of data fitting, as well as dramatically increasing the complexity of parameter identification. This separates sub-structures of more complex cardiovascular system models to create uniquely identifiable simplified models that are one to one with the measurements. In addition, a new concept of parameter identification is presented where the changes in the parameters are treated as an actuation force into a feed back control system, and the reference output is taken to be steady state values of measured volume and pressure. The major advantage of the method is that when it converges, it must be at the global minimum so that the solution that best fits the data is always found. By utilizing continuous information from the arterial/pulmonary pressure waveforms and the end-diastolic time, it is shown that potentially, the ventricle volume is not required in the data set, which was a requirement in earlier published work. The simplified models can also act as a bridge to identifying more sophisticated cardiac models, by providing an initial set of patient specific parameters that can reveal trends and interactions in the data over time. The goal is to apply the simplified models to retrospective data on groups of patients to help characterize population trends or un-modelled dynamics within known bounds. These trends can assist in improved prediction of patient responses to cardiac disturbance and therapy intervention with potentially smaller and less invasive data sets. In this way a more complex model that takes into account individual patient variation can be developed, and applied to the improvement of cardiovascular management in critical care. [less ▲]

Le couplage ventriculoartériel : du concept aux applications cliniques

in Réanimation (2009), 18(3), 201-206

L’interaction entre le ventricule et le réseau vasculaire est un déterminant majeur de la performance cardiaque globale, particulièrement en présence d’une insuffisance ventriculaire préalable ... [more ▼]

L’interaction entre le ventricule et le réseau vasculaire est un déterminant majeur de la performance cardiaque globale, particulièrement en présence d’une insuffisance ventriculaire préalable. L’évaluation du couplage ventriculoartériel grâce à la mesure de l’élastance ventriculaire, comme reflet de la contractilité et de l’élastance artérielle, en tant qu’indice de post-charge, permet de quantifier cette interaction. Des travaux récents illustrent l’intérêt clinique de ce concept. Jusqu’à présent, son utilisation restait toutefois marginale en raison de la nécessité de recourir à des mesures invasives et complexes. Le développement des techniques d’imagerie non invasive et de traitement des signaux permet actuellement d’envisager l’utilisation de ce concept en pratique clinique courante. [less ▲]