Part 10: Restraint stress

in Materials and Structures (2005), 38

A Quadrangular Shell Finite Element for Concrete and Steel Structures Subjected to Fire

in Journal of Fire Protection Engineering (2005), 15

Design of Steel Structures subjected to Fire. Background and Design Guide to Eurocode 3.

Book published by Les Éditions de l'Université de Liège (2005)

The information that is necessary to perform the fire design of a structure made of a particular material, say a steel structure, is: a) The bases of design, stated in EN 1990. b) The mechanical actions ... [more ▼]

The information that is necessary to perform the fire design of a structure made of a particular material, say a steel structure, is: a) The bases of design, stated in EN 1990. b) The mechanical actions, i.e. the forces, acting on the structure in the fire situation. Some information is found in EN 1991-1-2, but explicit reference is also made to EN 1991-1-1 that is therefore also necessary. c) The thermal actions, i.e. the fire and the heat flux induced in the elements by the fire. The information is in EN 1991-1-2. d) The rules for determining the temperatures in the structure during the course of the fire. They are given in the fire part of the relevant material eurocode, e.g. EN 1993-1-2 for a steel structure. e) The rules for determining the structural stability. They are given in the fire part of the relevant material Eurocode, e.g. EN 1993-1-2 for a steel structure, but reference is often made to the cold part of the same material Eurocode, EN 1993-1-1 for a steel structure. This layout is valid in general but some exceptions do exist: the structural stability of timber elements, for example, does not necessarily require the determination of the temperatures in the element and step d) may be omitted; the same holds if the fire resistance is determined from tabulated data, for concrete elements for example. The rest of this book is organised according to this layout, see Fig. 1-2: Chapter 2 deals with bases of design and mechanical loads. Chapter 3 deals with thermal attack from the fire. Chapter 4 deals with thermal analysis by simple calculation model. Chapter 5 deals with mechanical analysis by simple calculation model. Chapter 6 deals with the design of joints. Chapter 7 deals with thermal and mechanical analysis by the advanced calculation model. Chapter 8 gives four design examples showing how a complete and sometimes complex structure can be designed using the concept of element or substructure analysis. [less ▲]

Les apports de l'ULg dans le domaine de l'incendie

Conference given outside the academic context (2004)

In this presentation, the output provided by the University to the community about fire safety are presented. Three subjects are mentionned: teaching, research and consulting services.

3D simulation of Industrial Hall in case of fire. Benchmark between ABAQUS, ANSYS and SAFIR

in Interflam2004 Proceedings. Fire Sciences and Engineering Conference (2004, July)

For simple storey buildings, the structural behaviour in case of fire is relevant only for the safety of the firemen. The protection of occupants and goods is a matter of fire spread, smoke propagation ... [more ▼]

For simple storey buildings, the structural behaviour in case of fire is relevant only for the safety of the firemen. The protection of occupants and goods is a matter of fire spread, smoke propagation, active fire fighting measures and evacuation facilities. Brittle failure, progressive collapse and partial failure of façades elements outwards may endanger the fire fighters and have to be avoided. In order to deal with such an objective, the simulation softwares has to cover the 3D structural behaviour including membrane and restrained effects as well as the failure mode so that post-local failure stage can be analysed. Such calculation models (ANSYS, ABAQUS and SAFIR [1]) have been compared true a benchmark. In this benchmark, two different users used ABAQUS. [less ▲]

Dynamic Analysis Used to Cope with Partial and Temporary Failures

in Franssen, Jean-Marc; Benichou, Nouredine; Kodur, Venkatesh (Eds.) et al Proceedings of SiF'04: Third International Structures in Fire workshop (2004)

SiF'04, Structures in Fire

in Franssen, Jean-Marc (Ed.) Proceedings of the Third International Workshop (2004)

Influence of the section and of the insulation type of the equivalent time

in Bradley, D. (Ed.) Proceedings of the 4th International Seminar Fire and Explosion Hazards (2004)

Experimental study of the charring rate of tropical hardwoods

in Fire & Materials (2004), 28(1, JAN-FEB), 15-24

This paper describes an experimental investigation of the charring rates of timber. An experimental procedure was designed for assessing the charring rate of 20 specimens exposed to fire in a single test ... [more ▼]

This paper describes an experimental investigation of the charring rates of timber. An experimental procedure was designed for assessing the charring rate of 20 specimens exposed to fire in a single test, with one-dimensional heat transfer conditions. Each test specimen was manufactured by gluing seven laminates together. Four thermocouples were inserted at different depths in four different laminates located in the middle of the test specimen. The test was conducted using a gas-fired furnace and specimens were exposed to the standard ISO 834 fire. In order to evaluate the fire performance of tropical hardwoods, seven different species with densities ranging from 500 to 1000 kg/m(3) were used. For the purpose of verifying the experimental procedure against existing data, two softwood species (spruce and fir) and one European hardwood species (oak) were also examined. Experimental results indicate that the test method and procedure can be used for assessing the charring rate of timber both for softwood and for hardwood species. They also show that the density of wood significantly affects the charring rate and that the values recommended in Eurocode 5 for high densities are somewhat too conservative. Copyright (C) 2004 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. [less ▲]

Numerical determination of 3D temperature fields in steel joints

in Fire & Materials (2004), 28(2-4, MAR-AUG), 63-82

A numerical study was undertaken to investigate the temperature field in steel joints and to compare the temperatures in the joints with the temperatures of the adjacent steel members on the hypothesis ... [more ▼]

A numerical study was undertaken to investigate the temperature field in steel joints and to compare the temperatures in the joints with the temperatures of the adjacent steel members on the hypothesis that the thermal protection is the same on the joint and in the members. Very brief information is given on the numerical model, supplemented with parametric studies made in order to determine the required level of discretization in the time and in the space domain. A simplified assumption for representing the thermal insulation is also discussed and validated. Different numerical analyses are performed, with a variation of the following parameters: (i) type of joints, from very simple to more complex configurations, with welds and/or bolts, all of them representing joints between elements located in the same plane; (ii) unprotected joints or protected by one sprayed material; (iii) ISO, hydrocarbon or one natural fire scenario. The fact that the thermal attack from the fire might be less severe because the joints are usually located in the corner of the compartment is not taken into account. Copyright (C) 2004 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. [less ▲]