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Aims: We study the possibility of improving the agreement between models and observations by changing the physical properties of the inner parts of the star (to which Î´Î½[SUB]01[/SUB] is sensitive).
Methods: We show that, in spite of its low mass, it is possible to produce models of HD 203608 with a convective core. No such model was considered in the preliminary modeling. In practice, we obtain these models here by assuming some extra mixing at the edge of the early convective core. We optimized the model parameters using the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm.
Results: The agreement between the new best model with a convective core and the observations is much better than for the models without. All the observational parameters are fitted within 1-Ï observational error bars. This is the first observational evidence of a convective core in an old and low-mass star such as HD 203608. In standard models of low-mass stars, the core withdraws shortly after the ZAMS. The survival of the core until the present age of HD 203608 provides very strong constraints on the size of the mixed zone associated to the convective core. Using overshooting as a proxy to model the processes of transport at the edge of the core, we find that to reproduce both global and seismic observations, we must have Î±[SUB]{ov[/SUB]} = 0.17 Â± 0.03 H[SUB]p[/SUB] for HD 203608. We revisit the process of the extension of the core lifetime due to overshooting in the particular case of HD 203608. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 8 (0 ULg) Solar-like Oscillations in Low-luminosity Red Giants: First Results from KeplerBedding, T. R.; Huber, D.; Stello, D. et alin Astrophysical Journal (2010), 713We have measured solar-like oscillations in red giants using time-series photometry from the first 34 days of science operations of the Kepler Mission. The light curves, obtained with 30 minute sampling ... [more ▼]We have measured solar-like oscillations in red giants using time-series photometry from the first 34 days of science operations of the Kepler Mission. The light curves, obtained with 30 minute sampling, reveal clear oscillations in a large sample of G and K giants, extending in luminosity from the red clump down to the bottom of the giant branch. We confirm a strong correlation between the large separation of the oscillations (Î Î½) and the frequency of maximum power (Î½[SUB]max[/SUB]). We focus on a sample of 50 low-luminosity stars (Î½[SUB]max[/SUB] > 100 Î¼Hz, L <~ 30 L [SUB]sun[/SUB]) having high signal-to-noise ratios and showing the unambiguous signature of solar-like oscillations. These are H-shell-burning stars, whose oscillations should be valuable for testing models of stellar evolution and for constraining the star formation rate in the local disk. We use a new technique to compare stars on a single Ã©chelle diagram by scaling their frequencies and find well-defined ridges corresponding to radial and non-radial oscillations, including clear evidence for modes with angular degree l = 3. Measuring the small separation between l = 0 and l = 2 allows us to plot the so-called C-D diagram of Î´Î½[SUB]02[/SUB] versus Î Î½. The small separation Î´Î½[SUB]01[/SUB] of l = 1 from the midpoint of adjacent l = 0 modes is negative, contrary to the Sun and solar-type stars. The ridge for l = 1 is notably broadened, which we attribute to mixed modes, confirming theoretical predictions for low-luminosity giants. Overall, the results demonstrate the tremendous potential of Kepler data for asteroseismology of red giants. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 30 (8 ULg) Hybrid gamma Doradus-delta Scuti Pulsators: New Insights into the Physics of the Oscillations from Kepler ObservationsGrigahcène, Ahmed; Antoci, V.; Balona, L. et alin Astrophysical Journal (2010), 713Observations of the pulsations of stars can be used to infer their interior structure and test theoretical models. The main-sequence Î³ Doradus (Dor) and Î´ Scuti (Sct) stars with masses 1.2-2.5 M [SUB ... [more ▼]Observations of the pulsations of stars can be used to infer their interior structure and test theoretical models. The main-sequence Î³ Doradus (Dor) and Î´ Scuti (Sct) stars with masses 1.2-2.5 M [SUB]sun[/SUB] are particularly useful for these studies. The Î³ Dor stars pulsate in high-order g-modes with periods of order 1 day, driven by convective blocking at the base of their envelope convection zone. The Î´ Sct stars pulsate in low-order g- and p-modes with periods of order 2 hr, driven by the Îº mechanism operating in the He II ionization zone. Theory predicts an overlap region in the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram between instability regions, where "hybrid" stars pulsating in both types of modes should exist. The two types of modes with properties governed by different portions of the stellar interior provide complementary model constraints. Among the known Î³ Dor and Î´ Sct stars, only four have been confirmed as hybrids. Now, analysis of combined Quarter 0 and Quarter 1 Kepler data for hundreds of variable stars shows that the frequency spectra are so rich that there are practically no pure Î´ Sct or Î³ Dor pulsators, i.e., essentially all of the stars show frequencies in both the Î´ Sct and the Î³ Dor frequency range. A new observational classification scheme is proposed that takes into account the amplitude as well as the frequency and is applied to categorize 234 stars as Î´ Sct, Î³ Dor, Î´ Sct/Î³ Dor or Î³ Dor/Î´ Sct hybrids. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 28 (2 ULg) Periodic mass-loss episodes due to an oscillation mode with variable amplitude in the hot supergiant HD 50064Aerts, C.; Lefever, K.; Baglin, A. et alin Astronomy and Astrophysics (2010), 513
Aims: We aim to interpret the photometric and spectroscopic variability of the luminous blue variable supergiant HD 50064 (V = 8.21).
Methods: CoRoT space photometry and follow-up high ... [more ▼]
Aims: We aim to interpret the photometric and spectroscopic variability of the luminous blue variable supergiant HD 50064 (V = 8.21).
Methods: CoRoT space photometry and follow-up high-resolution spectroscopy with a time base of 137 d and 169 d, respectively, was gathered, analysed, and interpreted using standard time series analysis and light curve modelling methods, as well as spectral line diagnostics.
Results: The space photometry reveals one period of 37 d, which undergoes a sudden amplitude change with a factor 1.6. The pulsation period is confirmed in the spectroscopy, which additionally reveals metal line radial velocity values differing by 30 km s[SUP]-1[/SUP] depending on the spectral line and on the epoch. We estimate T[SUB]eff[/SUB] 13 500 K, log g 1.5 from the equivalent width of Si lines. The Balmer lines reveal that the star undergoes episodes of changing mass loss on a time scale similar to the changes in the photometric and spectroscopic variability, with an average value of log dot{M} â -5 (in M_È¯ yr[SUP]-1[/SUP]). We tentatively interpret the 37 d period as the result of a strange mode oscillation. Based on high-resolution spectroscopy assembled with the CORALIE spectrograph attached to the 1.2 m Euler telescope at La Silla, Chile and on CoRoT space-based photometry. The CoRoT space mission was developed and is operated by the French space agency CNES, with the participation of ESA's RSSD and Science Programmes, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Germany, and Spain.Postdoctoral Fellow of the Fund for Scientific Research of Flanders (FWO), Belgium. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 11 (3 ULg) Gravitational settling in pulsating subdwarf B stars and their progenitorsHu, Haili; Glebbeek, E.; Thoul, Anne et alin Astronomy and Astrophysics (2010), 511Context. Diffusion of atoms can be important during quiescent phases of stellar evolution. Particularly in the very thin inert envelopes of subdwarf B stars, diffusive movements will considerably change ... [more ▼]Context. Diffusion of atoms can be important during quiescent phases of stellar evolution. Particularly in the very thin inert envelopes of subdwarf B stars, diffusive movements will considerably change the envelope structure and the surface abundances on a short timescale. Also, the subdwarfs will inherit the effects of diffusion in their direct progenitors, namely giants near the tip of the red giant branch. This will influence the global evolution and the pulsational properties of subdwarf B stars.
Aims: We investigate the impact of gravitational settling, thermal diffusion and concentration diffusion on the evolution and pulsations of subdwarf B stars. Although radiative levitation is not explicitly calculated, we evaluate its effect by approximating the resulting iron accumulation in the driving region. This allows us to study the excitation of the pulsation modes, albeit in a parametric fashion. Our diffusive stellar models are compared with models evolved without diffusion.
Methods: We use a detailed stellar evolution code to solve simultaneously the equations of stellar structure and evolution, including the composition changes due to diffusion. The diffusion calculations are performed for a multicomponent fluid using diffusion coefficients derived from a screened Coulomb potential. We constructed subdwarf B models with a mass of 0.465 M[SUB]È¯[/SUB] from a 1 M[SUB]È¯[/SUB] and 3 M[SUB]È¯[/SUB] zero-age main sequence progenitor. The low mass star ignited helium in an energetic flash, while the intermediate mass star started helium fusion gently. For each progenitor type we computed series with and without atomic diffusion.
Results: Atomic diffusion in red giants causes the helium core mass at the onset of helium ignition to be larger. We find an increase of 0.0015 M[SUB]È¯[/SUB] for the 1 M[SUB]È¯[/SUB] model and 0.0036 M[SUB]È¯[/SUB] for the 3 M[SUB]È¯[/SUB] model. The effects on the red giant surface abundances are small after the first dredge up. The evolutionary tracks of the diffusive subdwarf B models are shifted to lower surface gravities and effective temperatures due to outward diffusion of hydrogen. This affects both the frequencies of the excited modes and the overall frequency spectrum. Especially the structure and pulsations of the post-non-degenerate sdB star are drastically altered, proving that atomic diffusion cannot be ignored in these stars. Sinking of metals could to some extent increase the gravities and temperatures due to the associated decrease in the stellar opacity. However, this effect should be limited as it is counteracted by radiative levitation. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 19 (13 ULg) 2D non-perturbative modeling of oscillations in rapidly rotating starsOuazzani, Rhita-Maria ; Dupret, Marc-Antoine ; Goupil, M. J. et alin Astronomical Notes (2010), 331We present and discuss results of a recently developped two dimensional non-perturbative method to compute accurate adiabatic oscillation modes of rapidly rotating stars . The 2D calculations fully take ... [more ▼]We present and discuss results of a recently developped two dimensional non-perturbative method to compute accurate adiabatic oscillation modes of rapidly rotating stars . The 2D calculations fully take into account the centrifugal distorsion of the star while the non-perturbative method includes the full influence of the Coriolis acceleration. These characteristics allows us to compute oscillation modes of rapid rotators - from high order p-modes in $\delta$Scuti stars, to low order p- and g-modes in $\beta$ Cephei or Be stars. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 4 (0 ULg) The CoRoT target HD 49933 . II. Comparison of theoretical mode amplitudes with observationsSamadi, R.; Ludwig, H*-G; Belkacem, Kevin et alin Astronomy and Astrophysics (2010), 509Context. The seismic data obtained by CoRoT for the star HD 49933 enable us for the first time to measure directly the amplitudes and linewidths of solar-like oscillations for a star other than the Sun ... [more ▼]Context. The seismic data obtained by CoRoT for the star HD 49933 enable us for the first time to measure directly the amplitudes and linewidths of solar-like oscillations for a star other than the Sun. From those measurements it is possible, as was done for the Sun, to constrain models of the excitation of acoustic modes by turbulent convection.
Aims: We compare a stochastic excitation model described in Paper I with the asteroseismology data for HD 49933, a star that is rather metal poor and significantly hotter than the Sun.
Methods: Using the seismic determinations of the mode linewidths detected by CoRoT for HD 49933 and the theoretical mode excitation rates computed in Paper I for the specific case of HD 49933, we derive the expected surface velocity amplitudes of the acoustic modes detected in HD 49933. Using a calibrated quasi-adiabatic approximation relating the mode amplitudes in intensity to those in velocity, we derive the expected values of the mode amplitude in intensity.
Results: Except at rather high frequency, our amplitude calculations are within 1-Ï error bars of the mode surface velocity spectrum derived with the HARPS spectrograph. The same is found with respect to the mode amplitudes in intensity derived for HD 49933 from the CoRoT data. On the other hand, at high frequency (Î½ âª 1.9 mHz), our calculations depart significantly from the CoRoT and HARPS measurements. We show that assuming a solar metal abundance rather than the actual metal abundance of the star would result in a larger discrepancy with the seismic data. Furthermore, we present calculations which assume the â newâ solar chemical mixture to be in better agreement with the seismic data than those that assumed the â oldâ solar chemical mixture.
Conclusions: These results validate in the case of a star significantly hotter than the Sun and Î± Cen A the main assumptions in the model of stochastic excitation. However, the discrepancies seen at high frequency highlight some deficiencies of the modelling, whose origin remains to be understood. We also show that it is important to take the surface metal abundance of the solar-like pulsators into account. The CoRoT space mission, launched on December 27 2006, has been developped and is operated by CNES, with the contribution of Austria, Belgium, Brasil, ESA, Germany and Spain. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 21 (1 ULg) The CoRoT target HD 49933 . I. Effect of the metal abundance on the mode excitation ratesSamadi, R.; Ludwig, H*-G; Belkacem, Kevin et alin Astronomy and Astrophysics (2010), 509Context. Solar-like oscillations are stochastically excited by turbulent convection at the surface layers of the stars.
Aims: We study the role of the surface metal abundance on the efficiency of ... [more ▼]Context. Solar-like oscillations are stochastically excited by turbulent convection at the surface layers of the stars.
Aims: We study the role of the surface metal abundance on the efficiency of the stochastic driving in the case of the CoRoT target HD 49933.
Methods: We compute two 3D hydrodynamical simulations representative - in effective temperature and gravity - of the surface layers of the CoRoT target HD 49933, a star that is rather metal poor and significantly hotter than the Sun. One 3D simulation has a solar metal abundance, and the other has a surface iron-to-hydrogen, [Fe/H], abundance ten times smaller. For each 3D simulation we match an associated global 1D model, and we compute the associated acoustic modes using a theoretical model of stochastic excitation validated in the case of the Sun and Î± Cen A.
Results: The rate at which energy is supplied per unit time into the acoustic modes associated with the 3D simulation with [Fe/H] = -1 is found to be about three times smaller than those associated with the 3D simulation with [Fe/H] = 0. As shown here, these differences are related to the fact that low metallicity implies surface layers with a higher mean density. In turn, a higher mean density favors smaller convective velocities and hence less efficient driving of the acoustic modes.