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See detailPrincípio da precaução como uma ferramenta estratégica para redesenhar a (sub)política: compreensão e perspectivas da ciência política de língua Francesa
Brunet, Sébastien ULg; Delvenne, Pierre ULg; Joris, Geoffrey ULg

in Sociologias (2011), 13(26), 176-200

The precautionary principle falls under a decisional context in evolution, marked by a multidimensional uncertainty as for environmental, economic, social, political or ethical consequences of the ... [more ▼]

The precautionary principle falls under a decisional context in evolution, marked by a multidimensional uncertainty as for environmental, economic, social, political or ethical consequences of the technological innovations. In French-speaking political science, it is understood as a strategic tool, a political response to the emergence of a new flow of societal uncertainty, mainly directed towards the hesitations of the scientific world. We argue that the precautionary principle redefines the way to manage scientific uncertainty in a society characterized by the blurring of the borders between political and subpolitical actors. Around its application, a line of fracture is drawn, which reduces the decisional breathing space of certain subpolitical entities and/or encourages others to act more. However, we stress that in a world ever more globalised and interconnected, the application of the precautionary principle only has temporary and local effects. Nevertheless, it may contribute to important debates that need to be taken up further in institutional spaces for reflexive anticipatory action and decision-making support [less ▲]

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See detailLa modernizacion reflexiva en accion : autoterapia de un politologo europeo
Delvenne, Pierre ULg

Conference (2010, November 30)

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See detailBuilding on anticipation: dystopia as empowerment
Claisse, Frédéric ULg; Delvenne, Pierre ULg

Conference (2010, July 13)

A dystopia can be defined as the depiction of a dark future building on the systematic amplification of current trends and features. It relates to a complex narrative posture that relies on the critical ... [more ▼]

A dystopia can be defined as the depiction of a dark future building on the systematic amplification of current trends and features. It relates to a complex narrative posture that relies on the critical observation of a threatening present that would lead to an apocalyptic future “if nothing was done.” Yet, however inescapable this future may be described, the very existence of such a narrative presupposes that the political community it tries to reach is actually able to do something to thwart it. Oddly enough, a successful dystopia aims at making itself obsolete: once the world it depicts is identified as a possible (or even unavoidable) future, it seems to empower its readers again, restoring what Musil called a ‘sense of possibilities’ that eventually make alternative pathways thinkable. In our contribution, we propose to broaden the range of commonly accepted dystopists (usually fiction writers and novelists like e.g. George Orwell’s 1984) to sociologists like Ulrich Beck. Building on his Risk Society (1986), Beck’s strong diagnosis about the breakdown of First Modernity and the coming of Second Modernity contains a noticeable prophetic and evangelical overtone that aims at “reinventing politics.” We defend the notion that the dystopian posture can be used to characterize both fiction and nonfiction writers such as Orwell and Beck: a common ability, based on the same set of inextricably cognitive and normative patterns, to anticipate the future and eventually empower political communities to engage in further action. [less ▲]

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See detailReflexive modernization in action: the institutional pathway of parliamentary Technology Assessment
Delvenne, Pierre ULg

Conference (2010, July 13)

Ulrich Beck’s diagnosis of reflexive modernization, undermining high modernity since the 1980s, has been widely discussed, there have been few attempts to map and analyse these complex processes ... [more ▼]

Ulrich Beck’s diagnosis of reflexive modernization, undermining high modernity since the 1980s, has been widely discussed, there have been few attempts to map and analyse these complex processes empirically in order to show reflexive modernization in action. Being based on literature research, participatory observation, official document analysis and qualitative data collection (through interviews), we claim that the emergence and developement of Parliamentary Technology Assessment offices (PTAs), to address science and technology (S&T) issues and to provide intelligence on technological innovations, embody a relevant indication of our Western modernity becoming more reflexive. We offer case studies of PTAs and we are particularly interested in how much reflexivity is visible. After formulating two main dimensions of reflexive modernization, openness to plurality and blurring of boundaries, we map the paths of these institutions over time along these two dimensions. There appears to be a reflexivity pathway, on which some PTAs have moved farther than others. This is due to various institutional and external factors like the socio-technical landscape, the power of lobbies, the cultural meanings and traditions, the historical processes or the structure and the state of the innovation regime that can affect the way institutionalised TA may embrace a more or less reflexive approach. More broadly speaking, we will consider that S&T are linked to issues that have global (but unequal) effects, while they are addressed by different local and institutional settings. Our concluding remarks will rely on Eisenstadt’s concept of multiple modernities to test our research’s validity in non European contexts, especially Latin America. [less ▲]

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See detailDemocratic Accountability in Governance of Science and Technology: on Reflexivity in European Parliamentary Technology Assessment Offices
Delvenne, Pierre ULg

Conference (2010, June 22)

Nowadays more than ever, dealing with risky scientific and technological issues requires careful attention and sustained policy-making support. In Western Europe, since the 1980s onwards, science and ... [more ▼]

Nowadays more than ever, dealing with risky scientific and technological issues requires careful attention and sustained policy-making support. In Western Europe, since the 1980s onwards, science and technology (S&T) issues are addressed in the institutional arena of Parliamentary Technology Assessment (PTA) offices. The main function of those PTAs is to increase the democratic accountability of S&T governance by providing the policy-makers and some stakeholders with intelligence on technological innovations and/or by enhancing social debate. Being based on literature research, participatory observation, official document analysis and qualitative data collection (through semi-structured interviews with academics and TA practitioners), we claim that the emergence and development of Parliamentary Technology Assessment offices (PTAs), leading/supposed to lead to an increased democratic accountability, embody a relevant indication of S&T governance becoming more reflexive. We offer case studies of several European PTAs and we are particularly interested in how much reflexivity is visible. After formulating two main dimensions of (reflexive) governance of S&T, openness to plurality and blurring of boundaries, we map the paths of these institutions over time along these two dimensions. Then, we argue than there appears to be a reflexivity pathway, on which some PTAs have moved farther than others. The empirical evidence for such a pathway to exist reveals the multiple features of democratic accountability fostered by one PTA setting or another, which may range from a managerial outcome (decision-makers are accountable) to a public outcome (citizens are accountable) and a professional outcome (scientists are accountable). [less ▲]

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See detailEnjeux et dynamiques du Technology Assessment parlementaire. Science, technologie et innovation sur le chemin de la réflexivité
Delvenne, Pierre ULg

Doctoral thesis (2010)

L’auteur entreprend une analyse comparative, des années 1970 à nos jours, de plusieurs offices de « Technology Assessment (TA) parlementaire ». Ces institutions se chargent d’anticiper et d’évaluer quels ... [more ▼]

L’auteur entreprend une analyse comparative, des années 1970 à nos jours, de plusieurs offices de « Technology Assessment (TA) parlementaire ». Ces institutions se chargent d’anticiper et d’évaluer quels pourraient être les effets de la science, la technologie et l’innovation sur la société et leur traduction dans les processus décisionnels. L’ouvrage adopte une approche originale qui consiste à étudier les institutions de science, technologie et innovation comme des indicateurs pertinents d’un processus de transformation réflexive des structures centrales de la modernité. En suivant les chemins de développement des offices de Technology Assessment, Pierre Delvenne montre la complexité et la nature parfois contestée de l’évolution de la trajectoire de la modernité. A l’aide de neuf études de cas abondamment documentées, ce livre démontre que le chemin de la réflexivité reste toutefois difficile à emprunter pour les offices de TA. Même si ceux-ci ont dû, dès le début, franchir des frontières entre science, technologie et société, ils continuent à évoluer dans un paysage d’institutions modernistes et à affronter par ailleurs les obstacles inhérents à la nature du régime de science et d’innovation. Soucieux également des raisons qui empêchent l’émergence d’un TA dans un régime d’innovation, l’auteur prend l’exemple de la Wallonie — qui aujourd’hui ne comporte pas de TA institutionnalisé — et met en évidence l’importance pour les élites politiques de se doter d’outils pour penser la science et la technologie en société. [less ▲]

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See detailFood Chain Security and Vulnerability
Brunet, Sébastien ULg; Claisse, Frédéric ULg; Delvenne, Pierre ULg

in Alpas, Hami; Cirakoglu, Beyazit (Eds.) Food Chain Security (2010)

In our contemporary societies, the food chain could be defined as a macro-technical system, which depends on a wide variety of actors and risk analysis methods. In this contribution, risks related to the ... [more ▼]

In our contemporary societies, the food chain could be defined as a macro-technical system, which depends on a wide variety of actors and risk analysis methods. In this contribution, risks related to the food chain are defined in terms of "modern risks" (Beck, 1992). The whole national economic sector of food production/distribution is vulnerable to a local accident, which can affect the functioning of the food chain, the export programs and even the political system. Such a complex socio-technical environment is undoubtedly vulnerable to intentional act such as terrorism. [less ▲]

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See detailLes transformations actuelles du régime de l’innovation en Wallonie : une analyse des pôles de compétitivité
Fallon, Catherine ULg; Delvenne, Pierre ULg

in Innovation: the European Journal of Social Science Research (2009), 22(4), 411-421

Les pôles de compétitivité résultent d’une initiative du Gouvernement de la Région wallonne, désireux, avec le Plan Marshall, de lancer une nouvelle dynamique de soutien à la croissance par l’innovation ... [more ▼]

Les pôles de compétitivité résultent d’une initiative du Gouvernement de la Région wallonne, désireux, avec le Plan Marshall, de lancer une nouvelle dynamique de soutien à la croissance par l’innovation. Ces pôles sont des outils d’une politique industrielle partenariale ciblée et ambitieuse « concentrant des moyens importants dans des domaines économiques porteurs de croissance et d'emplois » : ambition, taille critique et visibilité internationale doivent être atteints à travers des projets collaboratifs multiples et complexes, associant partenaires industriels et chercheurs à l’échelle de la Wallonie. Cette dynamique renforce les instruments de soutien à la recherche qui ont été développés au cours des dernières années sous formes de soutien ponctuel aux entreprises et de programmes thématiques à l’attention des chercheurs universitaires. <br /> <br />Par certains aspects, ce nouvel instrument pourrait transformer les dynamiques de coopération entre les acteurs de la recherche. Le gouvernement a confié la gouvernance des pôles aux industriels, secondés dans cette tâche par les chercheurs-universitaires, et se contente d’un rôle d’observateur pour « vérifier que la philosophie des pôles est telle que définie par le gouvernement » — cadres, territoires et moyens étant fixés. Une telle forme de gouvernance déléguée au niveau du pôle peut sembler particulièrement innovante, mais elle oblige l’analyste à questionner le fondement de son efficacité ainsi qu’à identifier les risques inhérents à ce genre de coopération, à la fois volontaire et contrainte. Quel équilibre entre délégation / contrôle a été instauré à travers les instances établies parfois difficilement (procédures d’évaluation et de sélection; instances de gouvernance)? Quelle est la vision du modèle d’innovation qui semble émerger de cette politique? En quoi contribue-t-elle à améliorer la dynamique du système d’innovation en Wallonie, mobilisant davantage les savoirs intermédiaires mis à disposition à travers des réseaux, combinant nouveaux usages et nouveaux contextes (Akrich 1998)? <br /> <br />Une telle analyse, pour être pertinente, doit tenir compte à la fois des spécificités sectorielles des pôles et des multiples dimensions du système d’innovation complexe de la Région wallonne, au niveau tant des organismes de recherche, des administrations et agences associées, que des instances décisionnelles caractéristiques du régime d’innovation néo-corporatiste de la Région. Comment les stakeholders de l’innovation apprécient-ils leur implication dans les pôles? Comment la structure mise en place intègre-t-elle les dynamiques antérieures liées à la gestion des clusters, de la recherche et de l’innovation? Quel impact peut-elle avoir sur les acteurs même de la recherche, les universités et centres de recherche et leurs modes de collaboration? La dynamique d’auto-organisation au sein de chaque pôle révèle-t-elle des modalités spécifiques d’appropriation des contraintes et des règles ? Face à l’émergence de ces nouvelles formes de « cohérence distribuée » (Rip, 2002), il s’agit de reconnaître la variété d’acteurs et de rôles pour mieux intégrer dans la démarche évaluative les multiples contingences et mettre en évidence des modes d’expression réflexifs caractéristiques de la co-construction d’un cadre évolutif réellement innovant. <br /> <br />Sur base d’une analyse du positionnement des acteurs autour de la dynamique de pôle (interviews semi-structurées dans trois pôles différenciés), nous proposons d’examiner certaines dimensions de la gouvernance qui pourraient être prises en compte dans une évaluation de ce nouvel instrument politique, en mettant l’accent plus particulièrement sur certains groupes d’acteurs du processus d’innovation, les chercheurs et administrateurs de la recherche. [less ▲]

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See detailSciences Institutions Responding to Reflexive Modernization
Delvenne, Pierre ULg

Conference (2009, April 30)

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See detailContribution pour une évaluation des nouvelles formes de « co-construction » réflexives au sein du régime de l’innovation en Wallonie
Fallon, Catherine ULg; Delvenne, Pierre ULg

Conference (2009, March 02)

Abstract : Poles of competitiveness were launched in Walloon region as a policy for innovation support. This policy aims to reinforce cooperation and partnering between industry and research universities ... [more ▼]

Abstract : Poles of competitiveness were launched in Walloon region as a policy for innovation support. This policy aims to reinforce cooperation and partnering between industry and research universities in the region: critical mass, excellence, international size should be reached through the construction of large cooperative projects. Thes new dynamics were in line with the earlier ones which were developed as separate branches of research policy for universities and firms. The governance of the poles, largely controlled by the firms representatives, promoted the development of new forms of interactions between the institutional segments of the Triple Helix of innovation: state – industry – university. Universities stepped quickly in the poles dynamics and took advantage of the opportunity to reinforce their presence in the regional economic framework. Administration was not associated to the launch of the government-defined process and encountered difficulties stepping in the process and entering into these new modes of governance, more supportive than normative. The innovation model at the basis of the policy initiative sets a strong systemic stance to the dynamics of knowledge production but fails to deliver enough reflexivity to go beyond the narrow instrumental rationality of innovation. [less ▲]

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See detailModernidades múltiples y crítica social de las tecnologías
Delvenne, Pierre ULg; Erpicum, Martin ULg; Hupet, Pierre et al

in Cuadernos sobre Relaciones Internacionales, Regionalismo y Desarrollo (2009), 4(7), 65-90

Although, the links between the ideologies of progress and technological developments are often strong, we are currently observing amore and more virulent social criticism of these evolutions’ ... [more ▼]

Although, the links between the ideologies of progress and technological developments are often strong, we are currently observing amore and more virulent social criticism of these evolutions’ consequences. This paper,written by four European and Latin American researchers, addresses the way as sciences and technology issues are criticised and dealt with in Europe in the framework of “TechnologyAssessment” (TA) offices. Then, important for the authors is to consider that although TA practices proved to be efficient in a European context, such a tool may not be transferable as such in another context. Relying on the concept of “multiplemodernities”, they focus on Latin America to stress the usefulness of building an adapted local TA capacity, through an interactive process of co-construction by the practitionners and various stakeholders, including the public. [less ▲]

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