Penetration of enrofloxacin into the nasal secretions and relationship between nasal secretions and plasma enrofloxacin concentrations after intramuscular administration in healthy pigs

in Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2010), 33(2), 183-188

The pharmacokinetic behaviour of enrofloxacin (ENRO) in plasma and nasal secretions of healthy pigs was investigated, after a single-dose intramuscular administration of 2.5 mg/kg body weight of the drug ... [more ▼]

The pharmacokinetic behaviour of enrofloxacin (ENRO) in plasma and nasal secretions of healthy pigs was investigated, after a single-dose intramuscular administration of 2.5 mg/kg body weight of the drug. Blood samples and nasal secretions were collected at predetermined times after drug administration. Concentrations of ENRO and its active metabolite ciprofloxacin (CIPRO) were determined in plasma and nasal secretions by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). CIPRO was not detected probably because we investigated young weaned pigs. The data collected in 12 pigs for ENRO were subjected to noncompartmental analysis. In plasma, the maximum concentration of drug (C-max), the time at which this maximum concentration of drug (T-max) was reached, the elimination half-life (t(beta)(1/2)) and the area under the concentration vs. time curve (AUC) were, respectively, 694.7 ng/mL, 1.0 h, 9.3 h and 8903.2 ng h/mL. In nasal secretions, Cmax, Tmax, t(beta)(1/2) and AUC were, respectively, 871.4 ng/mL, 2.0 h, 12.5 h and 11 198.5 ng.h/mL. In a second experiment conducted in 10 piglets, the relationship between concentrations of ENRO measured in the plasma and the nasal secretions has been determined following single-dose intramuscular administration of 2.5, 10 or 20 mg/kg body weight of the drug. It has been demonstrated that, among several variables, i.e., (1) the dose administered, (2) the time between intramuscular injection and blood sampling, (3) the age, (4) the sex, (5) the animal body weight and (6) the plasma concentration of the drug, only the latter influenced significantly the ENRO concentration in nasal secretions. Practically, using a generalized linear mixed model, ENRO concentrations in the nasal secretions (mu g/mL) can be predicted taking into account the ENRO concentrations in plasma (mu g/mL), according to the following equation: ENROnasal secretion 1.94 ENROplasma - 0.24. [less ▲]

Association of two single-isomer anionic CD in NACE for the chiral and achiral separation of fenbendazole, its sulphoxide and sulphone metabolites: Application to their determination after in vitro metabolism

in Electrophoresis (2010), 31

A NACE method was developed for the separation of fenbendazole (FBZ), a prochiral drug giving rise to chiral (oxfendazole or OFZ) and nonchiral (FBZ sulphone or FBZSO2) metabolites. First, the effect of ... [more ▼]

A NACE method was developed for the separation of fenbendazole (FBZ), a prochiral drug giving rise to chiral (oxfendazole or OFZ) and nonchiral (FBZ sulphone or FBZSO2) metabolites. First, the effect of the nature and the concentration of CD as well as that of the acidic BGE on the enantiomeric separation of OFZ were studied. OFZ enantiomers were completely resolved using a BGE made up of 10 mM ammonium formate and 0.5 M TFA in methanol containing 10 mM heptakis(2,3-di-O-acetyl-6-O-sulfo)-beta-CD and 10 mM heptakis(2,3-di-O-methyl-6-O-sulfo)-beta-CD. Moreover, the NACE method was found to be particularly well suited to the simultaneous determination of FBZ, OFZ enantiomers, and FBZSO2. Thiabendazole was selected as an internal standard. The CD-NACE potential was then evaluated for in vitro metabolism studies using FBZ as a model case. The OFZ enantiomers and FBZSO2 could be detected after incubation of FBZ in the phenobarbital-induced male rat liver microsomes systems. [less ▲]

Comparison and combination of spectroscopic techniques for the detection of counterfeit medicines

in Journal of Pharmaceutical & Biomedical Analysis (2010), 53

During this study, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), near infrared spectroscopy (NIR) and Raman spectroscopy were applied to 55 samples of counterfeit and imitations of Viagra® and 39 ... [more ▼]

During this study, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), near infrared spectroscopy (NIR) and Raman spectroscopy were applied to 55 samples of counterfeit and imitations of Viagra® and 39 samples of counterfeit and imitations of Cialis®. The aim of the study was to investigate which of these techniques and associations of them were the best for discriminating genuine from counterfeit and imitation samples. Only the regions between 1800-400 cm-1 and 7000-4000 cm-1 were used for FT-IR and NIR spectroscopy respectively. Partial Least Square analysis has been used to allow the detection of counterfeit and imitation tablets. It is shown that for the Viagra® samples, the best results were provided by a combination of FT-IR and NIR spectroscopy. On the other hand, the best results for the Cialis® samples were provided by the combination of NIR and Raman spectroscopy (1400-1190 cm-1). These techniques permitted a clear discrimination between genuine and counterfeit or imitation samples but also the distinction of clusters among illegal samples. This might be interesting for forensic investigations by authorities. [less ▲]

Synthèse, étude de la métabolisation et évaluation pharmacologique du 3-isopropylamino-4H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxyde (BPDZ 73) et de ses métabolites

Conference (2009, April 28)

Enantioresolution of basic pharmaceuticals using cellulose tris(4-chloro-3-methylphenylcarbamate) as chiral stationary phase and polar organic mobile phases.

in Journal of Chromatography. A (2009)

A polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phase (Sepapak-4), with cellulose tris(4-chloro-3-methylphenylcarbamate) as chiral selector, has been investigated in liquid chromatography (LC). Its ... [more ▼]

A polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phase (Sepapak-4), with cellulose tris(4-chloro-3-methylphenylcarbamate) as chiral selector, has been investigated in liquid chromatography (LC). Its enantioresolution power was evaluated towards 13 basic amino-drugs with widely different structures and polarities, using polar organic mobile phases. After preliminary experiments, acetonitrile was selected as the main mobile phase component, to which a low concentration of diethylamine (0.1%) was systematically added in order to obtain efficient and symmetrical peaks. Different organic solvents were first added in small proportions (5-10%) to acetonitrile to modulate analyte retention. Polar organic modifiers were found to decrease retention and enantioresolution while hexane had the opposite effect, indicating normal-phase behaviour under these conditions. The addition of an organic acid (formic, acetic or trifluoroacetic acid) was found to strongly influence the retention of the basic amino drugs in these nonaqueous systems. The nature and proportion of the acidic additive in the mobile phase had also deep impact on enantioresolution. Therefore, the studied compounds could be subdivided in three groups in respect to the acidic additive used. All analytes could be enantioseparated in relatively short analysis times (10-20min) using these LC conditions. [less ▲]

Evaluation of recently developed cellulose based chiral stationary phases for the LC enantioseparation of basic pharmaceuticals using polar non-aqueous mobile phases

Poster (2009)

Dosage d'oxytétracycline dans les secrétions nasales de porcs par chromatographie liquide : comparaison d'associations de méthodes de préparations d'échantillons et de modes de détection

Poster (2009)

Determination of flurbiprofen enantiomers in plasma using a single-isomer amino cyclodextrin derivative in nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis.

in Electrophoresis (2008), 29(17), 3641-8

A nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis (NACE) assay was developed for the separation and determination of flurbiprofen enantiomers in plasma samples using 6-monodeoxy-6-mono(3-hydroxy)propylamino-beta ... [more ▼]

A nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis (NACE) assay was developed for the separation and determination of flurbiprofen enantiomers in plasma samples using 6-monodeoxy-6-mono(3-hydroxy)propylamino-beta-cyclodextrin as chiral selector. The nonaqueous background electrolyte was made up of 40 mM ammonium acetate in methanol (MeOH), and flufenamic acid was employed as internal standard. Solid-phase extraction was used for sample cleanup prior to the NACE separation.The NACE method reproducibility was optimized by evaluating different capillary washing sequences between runs. After having tested various conditions, trifluoroacetic acid (1 M) in MeOH was finally selected. Concerning the solid-phase extraction procedure, good and reproducible analyte recoveries were obtained using MeOH for protein denaturation and a polymeric phase combining hydrophobic interactions with anion exchange properties (Oasis) MAX) was selected as extraction sorbent. The method selectivity was not only demonstrated toward a blank plasma sample but also toward other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The method was then successfully validated with respect to response function, trueness, precision, accuracy, linearity and limit of quantification. [less ▲]

Comparison of different cellulose based chiral stationary phases for the LC enantioseparation of basic drugs using polar organic mobile phases

Conference (2008)

Risk-Based Approach for the Transfer of Quantitative Methods: Bioanalytical Applications

in Journal of Chromatography. A (2008), 1189

The transfer of analytical methods from a sending laboratory to a receiving one requires to guarantee that this last laboratory will obtain accurate results. Undeniably method transfer is the ultimate ... [more ▼]

The transfer of analytical methods from a sending laboratory to a receiving one requires to guarantee that this last laboratory will obtain accurate results. Undeniably method transfer is the ultimate step before routine implementation of the method at the receiving site. The conventional statistical approaches generally used in this domain which analyze separately the trueness and precision characteristics of the receiver do not achieve this. Therefore, this paper aims first at demonstrating the applicability of two recent statistical approaches using total error-based criterion and taking into account the uncertainty of the true value estimate of the sending laboratory, to the transfer of bioanalytical methods. To achieve this, they were successfully applied to the transfer of two fully automated liquid chromatographic method coupled on-line to solid-phase extraction. The first one was dedicated to the determination of three catecholamines in human urine using electrochemical detection, and the second one to the quantitation of N-methyl-laudanosine in plasma using fluorescence detection. Secondly, a risk-based evaluation is made in order to understand why classical statistical approaches are not sufficient to provide the guarantees that the analytical method will give most of the time accurate results during its routine use. Finally, some recommendations for the transfer studies are proposed. [less ▲]