Using a human microarray to highlight new genes of interest for a better understanding of molecular mechanisms that underpin the physiopathology of heaves

in Proceedings: Plant and Animal Genome Conference, Equine Workshop, San Diego (2008)

Environmental causes of heaves are well described, but the molecular mechanisms of the disease remain unclear. Using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), disparate results have been ... [more ▼]

Environmental causes of heaves are well described, but the molecular mechanisms of the disease remain unclear. Using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), disparate results have been obtained concerning cytokines expression profile. cDNA microarray appears to be so far the platform of choice for massively parallel gene expression profiling and provides a good tool for exploratory research. However, equine-specific microarrays are not yet available on the market. Because they are commercially available, highly specific and well annotated, human and mouse large-scale microarrays are an exploratory alternative to equine-specific microarrays. In the present study, the purpose was to highlight new targets not previously related to the disease and able to improve our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of the disease. A human microarray was used to study gene expression in nucleated cells originating from peripheral blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in heaves-affected horses. With a four-fold cut-off, a total of 46 candidates were identified with differentially regulated genes between heaves-affected horses and controls. Based on their documented function, five of these genes were selected for the real-time quantitative RT-PCR (RT-qPCR) validation procedure: CYBB, BTG1, MARCKS, PTX3 and PTPRC. The RT-qPCR results confirmed those obtained with the microarray, pointing out these genes as new directions for future experiments. However, the human microarray failed to detect the presence of IL-1beta and Il-8, otherwise confirmed by RT-qPCR, and the expression profile of the disease could not be obtained [less ▲]

Lung interstitial macrophages prevent lipopolysaccharide-triggered T helper type 2 responses to harmless inhaled antigens

in Proceedings of the Annual BIS-meeting (2008)

How transcriptomic studies may help to improve the control of bovine diseases : an example with calf pneumonia and endotoxemia

in Proceedings: XXVth Jubilee World Buiatrics Congress (2008)

Global change in genes expression induced by pathological processes can now be analysed in cattle by new tools called microarrays. These transcriptomic studies may help to better understand the ... [more ▼]

Global change in genes expression induced by pathological processes can now be analysed in cattle by new tools called microarrays. These transcriptomic studies may help to better understand the pathophysiological mechanisms responsible for the disease and may therefore contribute to develop more efficient preventive and curative strategies. An example is given with a model of calf pneumonia and endotoxemia [less ▲]

Role of beta 2-receptors in the anti-inflammatory effects of formoterol in rats with cadmium-induced acute pulmonary inflammation

in Fundamental & Clinical Pharmacology (2008), 227

Hunting for a key to the enigma of heaves in the black box of the white cells

in Veterinary Journal (2008), 177(3), 307-308

Relevance of using a human microarray to study gene expression in heaves-affected horses.

in Veterinary Journal (2008), 177(2), 216-221

Environmental causes of heaves are well described, but the molecular mechanisms of the disease remain unclear. Previous studies have highlighted the implications of variations in gene expression, most ... [more ▼]

Environmental causes of heaves are well described, but the molecular mechanisms of the disease remain unclear. Previous studies have highlighted the implications of variations in gene expression, most using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). This well-known technique limits the number of genes that can be studied in a single assay. Microarray appears to be a valuable tool to by-pass this limitation, but so far there has been no equine-specific microarray available on the market. The present study was performed to determine whether a human microarray could be used to study gene expression in nucleated cells originating from peripheral blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in heaves-affected horses. With a four-fold cut-off, a total of 46 candidates were identified with differentially regulated genes between heaves-affected horses and controls. A real-time quantitative RT-PCR (RT-QPCR) conducted on a selection of genes, determined on the basis of previous publications, was used to validate the microarray results. The microarray failed to detect the presence of interleukin (IL)-1beta and IL-8 mRNA in the nucleated cells from BALF otherwise confirmed by real-time RT-QPCR. Although some candidate genes have been identified using this method, a complete expression profile of genes related to heaves could not be obtained with the use of the human microarray. [less ▲]

Influence of different exposure conditions to cigarette smoke on the pulmonary acute inflammatory response in mice

in Acta Physiologica (2008), 192(662), 18

Use of a human microarray to highlight new genes of interest for a better understanding of recurrent airway obstruction in horses (heaves)

in XVIth International Plant & Animal Genome Conference (2008)

Potential use of micro-array technology (bio-puce) in the diagnosis of inflammatory disorders in the horse

in XVII. Tagung über Pferdekrankheiten im Rahmen der EQUITANA (2007)

Prolactin-induced activation of nuclear factor kappa B in bovine mammary epithelial cells: Role in chronic mastitis

in Journal of Dairy Science (2007), 90(1), 155-164

We sought to determine whether prolactin (PRL) could influence the neutrophilic inflammation that characterizes chronic mastitis. Most of the genes encoding inflammatory proteins depend on the nuclear ... [more ▼]

We sought to determine whether prolactin (PRL) could influence the neutrophilic inflammation that characterizes chronic mastitis. Most of the genes encoding inflammatory proteins depend on the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B) for their expression. We addressed the hypothesis that immunomodulatory activities of PRL might arise from an increase in NF-kappa B activity. MAC-T cells, a bovine mammary epithelial cell line, were stimulated with increasing concentrations of bovine PRL ( 1, 5, 25, 125, and 1,000 ng/mL). Level of NF-kappa B binding activity was measured and mRNA was evaluated for IL-1 beta, IL-6, IL-8, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GMCSF), IFN-gamma, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, cytokines known to require NF-kappa B for their maximal transcription. Prolactin activated NF-kappa B; maximal NF-kappa B activation was weaker with PRL than with TNF-alpha at 30 or 180 min poststimulation. In addition, PRL significantly amplified, in a dose-dependent manner, mRNA expression of IL-1 beta, IL-6, IL-8, GMCSF, and TNF-a. We measured PRL concentrations in blood and milk from healthy and chronic mastitis-infected cows, and studied the relationship between the PRL concentration and the degree of inflammation in the mammary gland as indirectly assessed by somatic cell counts (SCC). Plasma PRL did not differ significantly between healthy and chronic mastitis-affected cows (63.7 and 67.5 ng/mL, respectively). Milk PRL concentration was significantly increased in chronic mastitis-affected quarters with the highest SCC, and had a positive significant correlation between SCC, as well as between the number of neutrophils present in milk samples. The present findings show that PRL promotes an inflammatory response in bovine mammary epithelial cells via NF-kappa B activation, and suggest a role for PRL in the pathogenesis of chronic mastitis. [less ▲]