Etude de l'impact de la gestion culturale sur la respiration d'un sol agricole

Conference (2011, February 23)

2. Implantation des cultures

in Livre Blanc: Céréales - Gembloux (2011, February 23)

9. Environnement - 2. La culture en association de froment et de légumineuses

in Livre Blanc: Céréales - Gembloux (2011, February 23)

11. Perspectives - L'agriculture de précision, ou outil en aide à la gestion des apports en engrais azotés

in Livre Blanc: Céréales - Gembloux (2011, February 23)

Comparison of carbon fluxes, growth and productivity of a winter wheat crop in three contrasting growing seasons

in Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment (2011), 141

Three winter wheat growing seasons were compared in order to analyse crop development, CO2 fluxes and inter-annual variability in productivity. Crop development monitoring, leaf scale measurements and ... [more ▼]

Three winter wheat growing seasons were compared in order to analyse crop development, CO2 fluxes and inter-annual variability in productivity. Crop development monitoring, leaf scale measurements and continuous eddy-covariance measurements were conducted in a production crop at the Lonzée experimental site in Belgium. The 3 years were characterised by similar soil proprieties (same site), similar management (sowing, harvesting, plant protection and nitrogen application, adhering to regional standards), and the use of recommended cultivars (the most productive ones for this region). The comparison of carbon fluxes, growth and productivity in the three growing seasons highlighted mechanisms affected by meteorological conditions and, in some cases, modulated by a cultivar effect. In particular, it was shown that (a) precociousness or lateness in stage development was triggered mainly by cumulated temperature during winter and early spring; (b) early development in one season could explain the larger ecosystem net carbon sequestration that year, but had no impact on grain yield; (c) low grain yield in one season was the result of a complex mechanism including drought in early spring, which hindered flag leaf development, and moist conditions in late spring, which restrained radiation and favoured the development of fungal diseases. In all cases, it was found that grain yield could not be related to gross primary productivity or net ecosystem exchange, suggesting that reallocation and translocation processes play a substantial role in grain filling. [less ▲]

Respiration of three Belgian crops: Partitioning of total ecosystem respiration in its heterotrophic, above- and below-ground autotrophic components

in Agricultural and Forest Meteorology (2011), (151), 633-643

An experimental system combining an eddy covariance system, a micrometeorological station and soil chambers placed in planted areas and in root exclusion zones was installed during three successive years ... [more ▼]

An experimental system combining an eddy covariance system, a micrometeorological station and soil chambers placed in planted areas and in root exclusion zones was installed during three successive years in a production crop managed in a traditional way at the Lonzée experimental site (Belgium). Measurements were made successively on seed potato, winter wheat and sugar beet. The general objectives of the study were, first to evaluate the relative contributions to total ecosystem respiration (TER) of heterotrophic, above ground autotrophic and below ground autotrophic respiration over a succession of three agricultural crops (seed potato, winter wheat and sugar beet) cultivated on successive years at the same location and, secondly, to identify the driving variables of these contributions. Results showed that, during the observation periods, TER was dominated by autotrophic respiration (AR) (60–90%) and that AR was dominated by its above ground component (60–80%). HR was found to increase with temperature and to be independent of Gross Primary Production (GPP), whereas AR was driven by GPP and was mostly independent of temperature. The AR response to GPP was specific to the crop: not only AR intensity but also AR distribution between its above- (ARa) and below- (ARb) ground components were found to differ from one crop to another and, in the winter wheat, from one development stage to another. Generally, ARb contribution to AR was found larger when carbon allocation towards roots was more important. An uncertainty analysis was made and showed that the main sources of uncertainties on the estimates were the spatial variability for soil chamber measurements and uncertainties linked to the data gap filling method for eddy covariance measurements. [less ▲]

Dynamique des populations de trois adventices des céréales en vue de la mise au point de méthodes intégrées de leur contrôle

Report (2010)

Implantation des cultures

in Livre Blanc: Céréales - Gembloux - Informations avant les semis (2010, September 09)

Froment 2010 : une réédition de 2006 ?

in Livre Blanc: Céréales - Gembloux - Informations avant les semis (2010, September 09)

REAL-TIME MONITORING OF ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS TO MODEL WHEAT YIELD PRODUCTION

Poster (2010, September 07)

This paper presents the results of a one year preliminary study in which a real-time monitoring system was used to feed the STICS soil crop model. The monitoring system was made of a self-organising ... [more ▼]

This paper presents the results of a one year preliminary study in which a real-time monitoring system was used to feed the STICS soil crop model. The monitoring system was made of a self-organising wireless network within which microsensors collected and stored microclimatic and environmental data. As indicated by the statistical criteria (RMSE, normalized deviation and model efficiency), the optimisation of some wheat crop parameters allows the STICS model to predict the yields with good accuracy for three different soil types and seven different nitrogen application rates. [less ▲]