L'hémorragie pulmonaire induite par l'exercise chez le cheval: une énigme de la médecine équine ?

in Annales de Médecine Vétérinaire (1994), 138

This review analyses the epidemiology, etiology, anatomo- and physiopathology, diagnose and prevention of the syndrome of exercise pulmonary hemorrhage in horses

Muscle Fibre Type and Size, and Muscle Capillary Density in Young Double-Muscled Blue Belgian Cattle

in Zentralblatt für Veterinarmedizin. Reihe A (1994), 41(3), 229-236

Bovine muscle biopsies were analysed for fiber type and capillary density by the acid ATP-ase and amylase-PAS methods respectively. Samples obtained from Belgian blue double muscled (DM) calves were ... [more ▼]

Bovine muscle biopsies were analysed for fiber type and capillary density by the acid ATP-ase and amylase-PAS methods respectively. Samples obtained from Belgian blue double muscled (DM) calves were compared for their fibre type, size and vascularization with samples from Friesian (F) calves. The animals were sampled both at 2 and 7 months of age. Changes in histochemical composition occurring with ageing, independently of the breed, and differences related to the muscle sampled by comparing biopsies obtained from the longissimus dorsi (LD) and gluteobiceps (GB) muscles in animals of both breed were also investigated. Independently of age and muscle, fibre type I percentage and area were significantly higher in F than in DM muscles. Type IIa area was significantly larger in F than in DM, while fibre type IIb percentage and area were higher in DM. The number of capillaries/mm2 was significantly higher in F than in DM. Fibre type IIa and IIb percentage as well as the diameter of the three fibre types was significantly higher in the oldest animals. Finally, independently of age and breed, fibre type I and IIb percentages were significantly higher in LD but lower in GB. The results mainly demonstrated that Belgian blue DM muscles present a higher proportion of IIb fibres and a lower capillary supply than F muscles. [less ▲]

Aérosolthérapie chez le cheval : 2. Etude pharmacologique

in Pratique Vétérinaire Equine (1993), 25(4), 233-243

This review analyzes the different therapeutic drugs the functional effects of which can be useful in the treatment by aerosol of equine respiratory disorders

Pulmonary function testing in veterinary medicine

in Lekeux, Pierre (Ed.) Pulmonary Function in Healthy, Exercising and Diseased Animals (1993)

This paper describes the material and methods used for pulmonary function tests in unsedated domestic animals. The usefulness and clinical significance of these techniques are also analysed.

Physiological response to the cross country phase in eventing horses

in Journal of Equine Veterinary Science (1993), 13

Blood samples were collected for lactate concentration determination (Lacc) at the arrival of the cross-country phase from 40 horses of various class levels competing in 6 different three-day events ... [more ▼]

Blood samples were collected for lactate concentration determination (Lacc) at the arrival of the cross-country phase from 40 horses of various class levels competing in 6 different three-day events. Moreover, in 8 horses, heart rate (HR) was recorded every 5 seconds during the cross-country. Among them, 5 horses were submitted, at the beginning of the competition's season to a standardized exercise test (SET) on a track which allowed us to study the relationship between HR, blood lactate concentration and running speed on flat ground in these horses. The relationship between mean HR and mean speed, between Lacc and mean speed and between Lacc and HR during the cross-country were studied using regression analysis. Mean HR during the cross-country was linearly related to mean speed during this phase (r=0.87, p ≤ 0.01), but this relationship was shifted upwards in comparison with the corresponding curve obtained during the SET (r=0.97, p ≤ 0.001). In the same way, the relationship between Lacc and mean speed during the cross-country was exponential (r=0.93, p ≤ 0.001), but blood lactate accumulation occurred at a lower speed than during the SET (r=0.94, p ≤ 0.001). The correlation between Lacc and HR was stronger when Lacc was related to HR during the 15 last minutes of the cross (r = 0.84) than to mean HR during the whole cross (r = 0.75) or to HR during the 2 last (r = 0.74) or the last (r = 0.80) minute of the course, which indicated that continuous recording of HR allowed a more accurate estimation of the severity of exercise performed during the cross-country than Lacc. Heart rate ranged from 170 to 190 beats/min during the first part of the cross-country and reached or exceeded values of 190 to 200 beats/min at the end of the course. Therefore, the anaerobic threshold is reached during cross-country. Recruitment of anaerobic me tabolism at the end of the course was otherwise demonstrated by the high values of Lacc. These aerobic-anaerobic meta bolic requirements should be taken into account to design the training program of an eventing horse. [less ▲]

Training-Induced Modifications in Cardiorespiratory and Ventilatory Measurements in Thoroughbred Horses

in Equine Veterinary Journal (1993), 25(6), 532-536

The effects of training and detraining on ventilation during a standardised exercise test were investigated. Ten healthy Thoroughbred horses underwent 5 standardised treadmill exercise tests (SET): SET1 ... [more ▼]

The effects of training and detraining on ventilation during a standardised exercise test were investigated. Ten healthy Thoroughbred horses underwent 5 standardised treadmill exercise tests (SET): SET1, at the start of the experimental period; SET2, after 3 weeks acclimatisation; SET3, after 3 week of aerobic training; SET4 after 3 weeks of anaerobic (i.e. interval) training; and SET5, after 3 weeks of detraining. The SETs were carried out in an air-conditioned laboratory on a treadmill inclined at 6 degrees. Respiratory airflow, tidal volume (VT), respiratory frequency (RF) and expired minute volume (VE) were obtained using a face mask and 2 ultrasonic pneumotachographs. Peak oxygen uptake (VO2 peak) and carbon dioxide production (VCO2 peak) values were calculated on a breath-by-breath basis, using a mass spectrometer. Heart rate (HR) was continuously measured with a polar horse tester. Oxygen pulse (VO2/HR) and ventilatory equivalent for O2 were calculated from the collected data. Venous blood was sampled before and after the SET for lactate, pH and haemoglobin determinations. The results indicated that trained horses showed significant modifications of all values, except VT, RF and VE. This study suggests that, in horses, the increase in VO2 induced by training seems to be mainly due to cardiovascular and haematological changes rather than to ventilatory changes. Consequently, while all the other systems implicated in exercise physiology can be efficiently improved and trained, the ventilatory capacity has only limited ability to adapt to training [less ▲]

Aérosolthérapie chez le cheval : 1. Etude technique

in Pratique Vétérinaire Equine (1993), 25(4), 225-232

This review describes the principle of action of the different types of nebulizers in the horse and analyzes the technical and methodological requirements for an optimal use of aerosoltherapy in this ... [more ▼]

This review describes the principle of action of the different types of nebulizers in the horse and analyzes the technical and methodological requirements for an optimal use of aerosoltherapy in this species [less ▲]

Gas exchange in resting and exercising animals

in Lekeux, Pierre (Ed.) Pulmonary Function in Healthy, Exercising and Diseased Animals (1993)

Functional effects of obstructive pulmonary diseases

in Lekeux, Pierre (Ed.) Pulmonary Function in Healthy, Exercising and Diseased Animals (1993)

Effect of exercise on equine alveolar ventilation

in Proceedings of the Eleventh Veterinary Respiratory Symposium, Champaign, Illinois (1992, September 27)